【作者】 孙月琴；

【导师】 骆有庆； 金幼菊； 许志春；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 双条杉天牛[Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky)]是侧柏等柏科树木的重要钻蛀性害虫。近年来,双条杉天牛已对我国北方的古柏保护、林木资源和生态环境构成严重威胁。本文从双条杉天牛成虫头部感受器的细微结构研究入手,利用顶空动态采样和吹扫捕集与GC-MS联用法,以及昆虫的电生理学、行为学等研究方法,探讨了双条杉天牛对寄主植物挥发物的行为反应,为开发双条杉天牛的植物性引诱剂及配套的持续控制技术提供理论依据。主要结论如下:1.首次对双条杉天牛雌雄成虫头部感受器的细微结构进行了研究。双条杉天牛头部感受器主要有8种,其中触角分布有刺形、毛形、锥形、栓锥形、钟形和Bobhm氏鬃毛等6种感受器;下颚须分布有刺形、栓锥形、板形、芽孢和Bobhm氏鬃毛等5种感受器;下唇须仅分布有刺形感受器。触角感受器的种类、数量和分布规律在雌雄两性间无明显差异,感受器的数量和种类从基部的柄节到鞭节的末梢逐渐增多。双条杉天牛成虫下颚须和下唇须感受器的种类与数量雌雄间无明显差异。触角的刺形感受器具有感受机械刺激的功能;毛形感受器属嗅觉感受器,也许是感觉萜烯类化合物的嗅角受体;钟形感受器可能为嗅觉、味觉或温湿感受器。2.首次将吹扫捕集法用于植物类挥发物的采集,通过与顶空动态采样法并用,建立了一套较为成熟的对植物材料从离体到活体采样,用GC/MS联用来分析与鉴定植物挥发物的较为可靠的方法。3.首次对不同生理状态(健康、衰弱和饵木)侧柏的树干、枝条与树叶等部位的挥发物的组分进行了研究与比较。发现双条杉天牛的寄主植物侧柏的挥发物主要由17种化合物组成,包括单萜类和倍半萜类化合物。在3个生理状态下,侧柏的不同部位都检测到有α-蒎烯、β-水芹烯和3-蒈烯释放,且这3种组分的相对百分含量也较高。当树势衰弱时,发现有月桂烯和α-水芹烯释放,而没有检测到有β-蒎烯释放,仅在饵木中检测有龙脑烯、2-蒈烯和对繖花烃释放。4.通过对双条杉天牛成虫触角电位测定表明,雌雄成虫对侧柏挥发物的不同单体化合物原液的触角电位反应没有明显差异。双条杉天牛对萜品油烯的触角电位反应最大,对柠檬烯、γ-萜品烯、3-蒈烯和石竹烯也具有很强的触角电位反应。对大部分单体化合物从低浓度到高浓度时的触角电位反应均呈上升趋势,与浓度的变化基本一致。混配试验表明,双条杉天牛对多种挥发物以1/10浓度,体积比1:1混合后,引起较大触角电位反应的配方有:α-蒎烯、石竹烯、α-萜品烯和柠檬烯混合;3-蒈烯、α-蒎烯和α-雪松烯混合;γ-萜品烯、α-蒎烯、石竹烯和柠檬烯混合,以及γ-萜品烯、α-蒎烯和α-雪松烯的混合;对α-蒎烯、石竹烯和α-萜品烯的1/10浓度混和物也具较强的触角电位反应。5.用自制的Y型嗅觉仪测定了双条杉天牛成虫对侧柏挥发物的行为反应,发现不同的挥发物种类与浓度,双条杉天牛对其表现出不同的行为反应,3-蒈烯、石竹烯对双条杉天牛的正趋性反应最大。3-蒈烯、α-萜品烯和石竹烯3种物质对双条杉天牛表现为正趋性,并且随着浓度的增大,趋性也逐渐增强。对萜品油烯、γ-萜品烯、3-蒈烯、α-蒎烯、α-雪松烯、石竹烯的1/10溶液,以1:1体积比的混合物,引起的反应最强,选择系数为0.5947。6.在野外利用各种诱捕器进行引诱试验,筛选出效果比较好的配方为萜品油烯原液;α-萜品烯原液;萜品油烯、α-蒎烯、石竹烯和柠檬烯的原液的1/10浓度混合物,以及萜品油烯、γ-萜品烯、3-蒈烯、α-蒎烯、α-雪松烯、石竹烯的1/10浓度混合物。7.通过双条杉天牛引诱技术的研究表明,在林间采用蓝色和绿色的十字漏斗型诱捕器和漏斗型诱捕器,以离心管中塞入脱脂棉为诱芯,可以基本满足野外引诱试验的需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Juniper bark borer,Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)is one of the most destructive insect borers of cypress trees, such as Platycladus orientalis. In recent years, old cypress trees protection, forest resources and ecological environment have been threaten by S.bifasciatus in northern China. Through the study on the fine structure of chemosensilla in the head of S.bifasciatus, plant volatiles dynamic headspace sampling and Purge and Trap and GC-MS-MS, as well as insects physiology method, insects behavior method, and other research methods were used to confirm the mechanism of host selection of S.bifasciatus and plant volatiles effect, Which can be taken as a theoretical support on the developing of the plant lure agents and supporting the continued control technologies of S.bifasciatus.The main results showed as follows.1. The fine structure of chemosensilla in the head of S. bifasciatus was first studied. Eight types of sensilla were on the antenna and in labialpalpi and maxillarypalpi of S. bifasciatus.There were 6 types on its antenna, including sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconca, sensilla styloconica, sensilla campullacea and Bobhm bristles.Its labialpalpi possessed of sensilla chaetica, sensilla gemmiformium, sensilla placodea, sensilla styloconica and Bobhm bristles. Only sensilla chaetica are in its maxillarypalpi. The types, numbers and distribution of sensilla on the antenna and in labialpalpi and maxillarypalpi of male and female S. bifasciatus are almost the same the numbers and types of sensilla from the base of the scrape to the whip of flagellomeres peripherally gradually increased. The types and numbers of sensilla on the antenna and in labialpalpi and maxillarypalpi of male and female adult S. bifasciatus are different. Sensilla chaetica tactile feel with the functions of mechanical stimulation, sensilla trichodea bear smell function, perhaps feeling terpenes olfactory receptor.Sensilla campullacea are the smell, taste or temperature and humidity sensors.2. Purge and Trap method was the first time for the volatiles collection. Volatiles from living to felled plants were collected by Purge and Trap method, and Headspace Absorption method, and were identified by GC/MS. It proved to be a scientific and reliable way for the analysis of the plant volatiles.3.Based on the first analysis and comparison of volatiles from trunks, branches, and leaves of Platycladus orientalis under their different physiological status (healthy, debilitating and bait wood), The experiment results showed that the volatiles of P. orientalis consist of 17compounds,which are mainly classified into terpene compounds. In three physiological states,α-Pinene, andβ-Phellandrene, 3-Carene are detected in different parts of P. orientalis,and their relative content are higher. Myrcene andα-Phellandrene were detected, butβ-Pinene was not detected from the feeble trees, Bornene, 2-Careen, and Cymene were detection in baited wood.4. Electroantennograms (EAG) activities of S. bifasciatus to host volatile compounds were recorded. The result showed that there were no differences between EAG reaction of the antennas of female and male S.bifasciatus.Limonene and Terpinolene elicited the largest EAG values.EAG responses of the most volatiles from low to high concentration to S.bifasciatus showed an upward trend. These volatiles such as the mixtures ofα-Pinene,Caryophyllene,α-Terpinene,and Limonene;Tthe mixtures of -Carene,α-Pinene,α-Cedrene;the mixture ofγ-Terpinene,α-Pinene,Caryophyllene, and Limonene; the mixtures ofγ-Terpinene,α-pinene, andα-Cedrene; The mixtures ofα-pinene,Caryophyllene, andα-Terpinene when these volatiles were mixed each other with the concentration 1/10 and the ratio of volume 1:1.5. The behavioral response of S. bifasciatus to plant volatiles was tested in a self-made“Y“olfactometer. It was found that different substances and concentration of volatiles influenced behavior reaction to S. bifasciatus. 3-Carene Caryophyllene were the most attractive compounds. 3 - Carene,α-Terpene, and Caryophyllene were attractive to S. bifasciatus, and with the increase of concentration, the attractiveness has been gradually strengthened. The mixture from Terpinolene,γ-Terpinene, 3-Carene,α-Pinene,α-Cedrene, and Caryophyllene was the most attractive to S.bifasciatus in the olfactometer when these volatiles were mixed each other with the concentration 1/10 and the ratio of volume 1:1. The selective coefficient was 0.5947.6. Behavioral response of S.bifasciatus to volatiles was determined by using kinds of traps in field. Terpinolenne,α-pinene and Caryophyllene were more attractive to S.bifasciatus.Some volatile mixtures with the concentration 1/10 and the ratio of volume 1:1, such as the mixture of Terpinolene,α-Pinene,Caryophyllene,Limonene,and mixture of Terpinolene,γ-Terpinene, 3-Carene,α-Pinene,α-Cedrene,and Caryophyllene.7. Through the research of lure technology to S.bifasciatus, It shows that intercept trap and infundibular trap, Releasing rate of plant volatiles could be controlled freely by using mocrocentrifuge dispensers with cotton wicks, were confirmed as the perfect trap that could meet the needs of field test. The effective lured duration of volatile compounds of P.orientalis was only 7-14 days in the forest Therefore the lured volatiles should be replaced and made up timely to achieve the desired lured effect.更多还原