【作者】 关彦斌；

【导师】 王连俊； 孔永健；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 随着城市化的发展,城市原有的天然土壤不断被建筑物及非透水硬化地面所取代,致使不透水面积急剧增加,从而改变了自然土壤植被及下垫层的天然可渗透性。传统不透水路面形成的积水使雨天行车产生漂滑、飞溅及夜间眩光等现象给行人出行和车辆行驶带来不便和安全隐患;在强降雨的情况下会产生较大的地表径流量,增加了原有城市管网排水负担,甚至会引起城市型雨洪的发生。生态环保型透水路面结构是缓解问题的有效途径,引起了国内外许多研究者的极大关注。本文首先利用理论计算与试验分析相结合的方法,对透水性沥青路面透水机理过程进行了分析,在对降雨条件下透水性沥青路面产流机制分析的基础上,提出了透水性沥青路面渗透的计算模型,通过对透水性沥青混合料的渗透试验,得出了渗透系数与孔隙率、有效孔隙率及孔隙率与有效孔隙率的关系,并得到了透水性沥青路面控制城市地表径流的目标孔隙率表达式;为得到不同水头高度透水性沥青混合料的渗透量及渗透能力,采用理论分析方法建立了透水性沥青混合料的雨水渗透随机网络模型,并利用数值计算得到了随机网络模型渗透量、渗透能力及有效孔隙率,得到了雨水渗透模型基于控制城市地表径流的透水性沥青混合料的目标孔隙率的表达式;从透水性沥青路面控制地表径流效果的角度,利用透水性沥青混合料雨水渗透模型分析了透水性沥青路面结构设计参数体系,这些参数可用于控制城市地表径流的透水性沥青路面结构型式设计;根据透水性沥青混合料雨水渗透模型得到控制地表径流的目标孔隙率,进行了透水性沥青混合料的级配组成设计分析,并对混合料进行了性能试验研究,根据透水性沥青路面应用场所的不同设计了不同的透水性沥青路面结构型式,进行了模拟降雨条件下雨水入渗过程试验研究,分析了透水性沥青路面地表径流入渗的效果,同时利用透水性沥青混合料的渗透模型分析了不同降雨强度、不同目标孔隙率下控制地表径流的透水性沥青路面断面型式。通过上述研究主要成果:1、在对降雨条件下透水性沥青路面产流机制分析的基础上,建立了透水性沥青路面渗透的计算模型,得到了透水性沥青路面渗透量的计算表达式。2、通过对透水性沥青混合料的渗透试验分析,得出了渗透系数与孔隙率的相关关系,基于透水性沥青路面地表径流量及透水性沥青混合料孔隙率与渗透系数的相关关系,建立了透水性沥青路面控制城市地表径流的目标孔隙率表达式。3、依据透水性沥青混合料最大骨料粒径建立了透水性沥青混合料雨水渗透的随机网络模型及数学模型。该模型可以模拟在不同水头高度下任意最大骨料粒径、任意开级配的透水性沥青混合料的雨水渗透过程;为透水性沥青混合料目标孔隙率、透水性沥青路面结构设计参数、广域透水性沥青路面的雨水渗透预测及雨水回归效果的确定提供了有效方法。4、建立了透水性沥青混合料渗透模型的渗透量与透水性沥青混合料有效孔隙率的表达式,此表达式的建立可用于指导透水性沥青混合料级配组成设计。5、从透水性沥青路面控制地表径流效果的角度,利用透水性沥青混合料雨水渗透模型建立了透水性沥青路面结构设计参数体系,这些成果的建立可确定基于控制城市地表径流的透水性沥青路面结构型式。6、通过不同降雨强度、不同目标孔隙率下对不同透水性沥青路面断面组合规律分析,提出了基于控制城市地表径流的透水性沥青路面典型断面结构型式。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the process of urbanization, the natural soil in city is replaced by buildings and impermeable paved space, and it leads to the significant increase of impermeable area of city, moreover, the permeability of natural plant cover and bedding is changed. While traveling in a rain day, vehicle slippage will appear because of the seeper on hard surface cover, and rainwater splash and glaringness at night bring discommodities and hidden troubles to the passerby, too. In conditions of strong rainfall, the drainage burden of city pipe network system will be increased, and a city-type flood will even come into being. Environmentally benign permeable pavement is the effective way to relieve the problem, and attract lots of researchers all over the world to focus on.The mechanism and process of drainage in porous asphalt pavement are analyzed through theoretical arithmetic and experimental analysis firstly in the paper. The model for porous asphalt pavement is presented based on the analysis of runoff producing mechanism on porous asphalt pavement in rainfall. The relationships between porosity of porous asphalt mixture and coefficient of permeability, effective porosity and coefficient of permeability, and porosity and effective porosity are gained through seepage experiments on porous asphalt pavement. The expression of objective void is conformed considering the porous asphalt pavement reducing the overland runoff in city. In order to know the amount and ability of infiltration of the porous asphalt mixture, the random network model of rainwater infiltration for porous asphalt mixture was established by theoretical analysis. The amount and ability of infiltration and effective porosity are calculated by numerical calculation in the random network model. The expression of objective porosities is conformed considering the porous asphalt pavement reducing the overland runoff in city using the model. The parameters in design of porous asphalt pavement are analyzed by the model of rainwater infiltration for porous asphalt mixture considering the effect of porous asphalt pavement reducing the overland runoff. The parameters can be used in the structure design of porous asphalt pavement to reducing the overland runoff in city. The porous asphalt mixture mixing ratio design is given according to objective void considering the porous asphalt pavement reducing the overland runoff in city using the model. At the same time, the mechanical indexes of porous asphalt mixture were analyzed by experiments. Different designs were made for porous asphalt pavement used in different sites, and the effect of overland runoff seeping into porous asphalt pavement is analyzed by experiments simulating the conditions of rainfall. The cross sections are analyzed by use of rainwater infiltration model for porous asphalt mixture with different rainfall intensities and different objective porosities.The results gained in the paper are in the followings:1. The model for porous asphalt pavement is presented based on the analysis of runoff producing mechanism on porous asphalt pavement in rainfall, and the expression of infiltration capacity in porous asphalt pavement is gained.2. The relationship between porosity of porous asphalt mixture and coefficient of permeability is gained through seepage experiments on porous asphalt pavement. The expression of objective porosities is conformed considering the porous asphalt pavement reducing the overland runoff in city.3. The random network and mathematical model of rainwater infiltration for porous asphalt mixture was firstly established according to maximum aggregate size. This model can simulate the rainwater infiltration process of permeable asphalt mixture for random maximum aggregate size and random open-graded at different water table height, and this model brings an effective method for the design of objective void of permeable asphalt mixture and permeable asphalt pavement structure, for the rainwater infiltration forecast for wide area permeable pavement, and for the ascertainment of rainwater return effect.4. The expression of infiltration capacity and effective porosity of porous asphalt mixture is established. The expression can direct the porous asphalt mixture mixing ratio design.5. The parameters in design of porous asphalt pavement are confirmed by analysis of the model of rainwater infiltration for porous asphalt mixture considering the effect of porous asphalt pavement reducing the overland runoff. The production can be used in the structure design of porous asphalt pavement to reducing the overland runoff in city.6. The typical cross section of porous asphalt pavement considering the effect of reducing the overland runoff is presented by analysis of the rules in cross-section combination with different rainfall intensities and different objective porosities.更多还原