【作者】 陈占夺；

【导师】 汪克夷；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 企业管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 知识管理近年来得以迅猛发展,并在学术界和企业界得到了极大的重视。但尽管知识管理从理论研究上取得了很大的成果,许多企业也在积极地推进知识管理的实践,可很多企业实施的知识管理项目,并没有获得他们预期的利益。很多知识管理项目,在实施过程中变成了信息管理项目、甚至是数据管理项目。另一方面,复杂产品系统在国民经济中的作用日益重要,我国的复杂产品系统行业在迅速发展壮大过程中遇到了一系列的问题,其中研发能力弱成为了发展的瓶颈,企业的核心竞争力难以形成。而对复杂产品系统的研究才刚刚开始,复杂产品系统的特点使得在大批量生产产品环境下成熟的理论不能直接照搬到复杂产品系统中。复杂的知识特性是复杂产品系统复杂性的根本,因此,与大批量生产产品相比,复杂产品系统行业对实施知识管理,来提高研发绩效、增强核心竞争力,提出了更加迫切的要求。本文从知识管理角度对复杂产品系统进行了系统的研究。在现有文献分析和案例研究的基础上提出了复杂产品系统环境下知识管理活动与研发绩效的关系模型。通过问卷调查,本研究收集了217个有效的样本数据,经过运用定性与定量相结合、理论分析与实证研究相结合的方法进行分析。本文得出以下主要研究结果和结论:(1)复杂的知识特性是复杂产品系统复杂性的根本复杂产品系统本身就是一个知识的集合,复杂产品系统创新的过程会牵涉到多个学科的知识和多个技术领域的整合。复杂产品系统的特性降低了知识管理活动的效果,进而影响了复杂产品系统的研发绩效。在复杂产品系统中,项目文化的特征是多元化,即多种文化类型并存,有利于知识管理活动实现的项目文化难以形成。单件小批决定复杂产品系统要以项目的形式进行组织管理,但一些项目环境的特征与知识管理相背离;复杂产品系统的管理是多企业参与的,这些企业分布在不同的地域,这增加了知识获取、知识共享、知识创造的难度。在复杂产品系统研发中,一般都要求有强大的IT能力。强大的IT能力,提高了多学科知识的获取(特别是显性知识)、整合的能力,同时也为项目成员之间的有效沟通搭建了一个平台,使跨企业知识的快速共享成为可能。(2)复杂产品系统环境下关键知识管理活动、关键知识管理影响因素大批量产品中知识管理的影响因素研究己有较为成熟的理论,但对于复杂产品系统环境下,知识管理的影响因素还没有相关的研究。本文在一般产品环境下知识管理的影响因素的基础上,结合复杂产品系统的特征,初步确定了四个复杂产品系统环境下知识管理影响因素:团队的组织能力、文化特征、IT能力、战略管理能力。通过大样本的问卷调查采用因子分析与回归分析相结合的方法来对复杂产品系统环境下知识管理的关键影响因素进行识别,确定了关键知识管理影响因素为研发项目的组织能力和研发项目的IT能力。同样,对知识管理活动的研究已经相当深入,但针对某一有代表性的特定行业的研究还不多见。本文在一般产品环境下知识管理的主要活动的基础上,结合复杂产品系统的特征,初步确定了复杂产品系统环境下的四个知识管理活动:知识获取、知识整合、知识共享、知识创造。通过大样本的问卷调查采用因子分析与回归分析相结合的方法来对复杂产品系统环境下知识管理的关键活动进行识别,确定了复杂产品系统中知识管理关键活动为知识创造和知识整合。(3)复杂产品系统环境下知识管理活动与研发绩效的关系模型对研发项目绩效的影响,存在着几条关键路径:一是知识管理活动、战略管理能力、IT能力对研发绩效的直接促进作用;二是团队的组织能力、IT能力通过知识管理活动来影响研发项目绩效。更多还原

【Abstract】 Knowledge Management (KM) is developed very rapidly and deeply in recent years due to a great attention focused on KM by the people from both academies or corporations. However, many KM practices in corporations are failed, even though developed KM methods used. Many KM practice projects become information management project or even data management project during the practice.On the other hand, Complex Product System (CoPS) is becoming more and more important to a country’s economy. Several problems encountered by the CoPS companies on the way of rapidly development. One key problem is poor development ability. This leads to weak of the CoPS companies’ core competition capacity. The study on CoPS just begins from several years ago. Those mature theories in batch product environment can not be used in CoPS environment directly due to the special characters of CoPS.The core of CoPS’s special characters is knowledge complexity. So it is more urgently to practice knowledge management in CoPS environment than other environment in order to improve performance and enhance the core capacity.This paper studies CoPS deeply and systemic from the view of knowledge management. An assumption module called "the relationship module between KM activities and NPD performance" is put forward on the basis of literature review and case study.Through a questionnaire survey, 217 effective samples of CoPS projects are collected and analyzed used statistical analysis. The main conclusions are presented as follows:(1) The core of CoPS’s special characters is knowledge complexityThe knowledge is important in CoPS innovation. A CoPS product is a collection of various fields’ knowledge. The innovation process of CoPS will integrate multi-field knowledge into CoPS product. The complex characters of CoPS weaken the capacity of KM activities, and further weaken the NPD performance.In CoPS, there are several kinds of culture in one CoPS project. So the opening culture in which KM activities can be enhanced is not easy to form.CoPS product shall be managed in way of project team. However, some characters of project team add the difficulty of KM. Many companies attend the management of CoPS project. These companies exist in different section, even different countries some time. This adds the difficulty of knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing, and knowledge creation. Usually there is strong IT capacity in CoPS project. This enhances the abilities of knowledge acquisition (especially, for explicit knowledge) and knowledge integration. And at the same time, a plat for effective communication among team members is built. It allows that knowledge can be shared quickly.(2) Key KM activities and key KM enablers in CoPSThere is mature theory on KM enablers in batch product environment. However, there is not relative study on KM enablers in CoPS environment. Firstly, this paper selects four main KM enablers in CoPS based on literature reviews and case study: team’s organization ability, culture character, IT ability, and strategic management ability. Then through a questionnaire survey, and statistical analysis, this paper identifies two key KM enablers: team’s organization ability, and IT ability. Another important result of statistical analysis is the strategic ability isn’t main KM enablers in CoPS.Similarly, there is developed study on KM activities in batch product environment. But there is not relative study on KM activities in CoPS environment. This paper selects four main KM activities in CoPS based on literature reviews and case study: knowledge acquisition, knowledge integration, knowledge sharing, and knowledge creation. Through a questionnaire survey, and then statistical analysis, this paper identifies two key KM activities: knowledge creation, and knowledge integration.(3) Path relationship (module) between KM activities and NPD performance in CoPSThere are several affected paths to NPD performance: the first one is the directly effectby KM activities, strategic ability, and IT ability. The second path is the indirectly effect by team’s organization ability, IT ability via KM activities.更多还原