【作者】 林小平；

【导师】 蒋作舟； 凌建明；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着航空交通量和大型宽体飞机比例的快速增长,我国一些早期修建的机场跑道,道面结构损坏严重,使用性能急剧下降,迫切需要进行结构补强或功能恢复,以提高道面使用性能,延长使用寿命。加铺沥青层是改善跑道道面结构和功能性能的有效手段,国内外已经有不少机场已采用此法实施道面加铺,并积累了大量成功经验。然而,日益复杂的交通、气候、道面结构和运行条件,使我国跑道加铺工程在决策、设计等方面面临诸多理论、方法等方面的复杂问题,从而制约了我国机场工程的发展。目前,对于机场跑道加铺层结构设计,国际上已经从单纯的经验法转向以弹性层状理论或有限元方法为基础的力学一经验法。但是,我们仍长期停留在借鉴国外设计方法或公路工程经验的做法上,并未形成一套适合我国气候、航空交通和运行条件的做法。建立一套复杂条件下机场跑道沥青加铺层结构设计理论与方法,用以指导我国机场同类工程的实施,显得十分必要和紧迫。本文依托虹桥国际机场2005年跑道加铺工程,在深入分析、全面掌握工程所面临复杂条件的基础上,充分借鉴国内外相关研究成果,通过试验研究、现场测试、数据统计、理论分析、数值模拟、经验总结等手段,初步建立了复杂条件下我国机场跑道沥青加铺层结构设计理论与方法。本文首先针对既有道面结构、功能性能和损坏状况等三方面加铺决策因素,提出了相应的评价指标及量化标准。同时,通过分析加铺决策的影响因素,提出了跑道结构性补强和功能性加铺的判定准则。在既有道面利用方案分类的基础上,通过分析既有道面病害对加铺层使用性能的影响机理,提出了相应的局部修复措施。然后,采用ABAQUS有限元分析系统,充分考虑旧水泥混凝土板接缝传荷能力及多层复合道面层间接触条件,建立了基于全尺寸九板的道面结构力学响应三维数值分析模型,用于分析各种复合道面结构在各类机型全部主起落架作用下的力学响应。计算发现,飞机荷载作用于道面的不同位置,在加铺层中引起的最大拉应力并无显著差异,在设计方法中,可以不考虑临界荷位的影响。但是,复杂起落架构型对于跑道加铺层的荷载叠加效应却非常明显,设计时应充分考虑多个主起落架之间的相互作用。在此基础上,采用基于Miner定律的累积损伤原理和通行-覆盖率理论,以沥青加铺层拉应力为设计指标,沥青加铺层位于旧水泥混凝土板接缝处的剪应力为验算指标,并参照FAA提出的疲劳方程,建立了机场跑道加铺层结构设计新方法。最后,应用该方法对虹桥国际机场现有道面结构进行验算,结果表明:在不进行结构性补强的条件下,现有道面结构可以使用至2013年。本文针对机场跑道加铺层结构设计的共性关键技术问题进行研究,初步建立了复杂条件下我国机场跑道沥青加铺层结构设计理论与方法,研究成果将为相关技术规范的修订提供依据,并为同类工程的实施提供有效的技术储备。更多还原

【Abstract】 With rapidly increasing of air traffic and the emerging of new generation large aircraft, some early built airport runway pavements mangle, which results in the decreasing of pavements performance. Reinforcement and covering are urgently needed to improve performance and prolong life span of pavements. Asphalt overlay is an effective way to improve pavement structural and function performance of runway. This technical means has been already widely implemented in many airports runway pavements overlay projects in the world, and a lot of successful experience is accumulated. However, overlaying faces so many problems on theory, method et al, because of increasingly complicated conditions of traffic, climate, pavement structure and operation, which restricts the development of internal airport engineering.At present, overlay design method of airport runway pavements has already turned to mechanics-experience method based on elastic-layer theory or finite element method from experience method which is familiar with us. Rational design method does not form yet, while internal overlay design method still uses overseas design method or highway engineering experience for reference chronically. In order to guide the similar airport engineering, establishing runway pavements overlay design theory and method is urgently and necessarily under increasingly complicated conditions of traffic, climate, pavement structure and operation.Relying on overlay project of Hongqiao international airport in 2005, analyzing various complicated conditions this project faced, asphalt overlay design theory and method for airport runway pavements is established under complicated conditions by experiments, in-situ testing, data counts, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, experience summary et al. Firstly, the index of pavements evaluation and standard of decision making factors are put forward, which is related to structure performance, function performance and distress conditions. Based on the analysis of decision making factors, determination criterion of overlay is proposed which divided structure or functionality separately. In the foundation of the classification of existing pavement using, the influence on asphalt overlay which distress on existing pavement brought from is analyzed, and then the corresponding partial repair measure is proposed. Then, a three-dimensional numerical analysis model is established by use of ABAQUS, which consists of nine blocks full-scale slabs, considering joint loading-transfer and contact effect sufficiently. This model can be used to analyze mechanical responses bring from aircraft ties. Computing results indicate there is no notable difference of maximum tensile stress on the bottom of upper overlay, even the gears load on different locations of pavements, therefore, critical loading position may not be considered in design procedures. On the other hand, over-loading effect the complicated landing gear configuration adding to the overlay is obvious. So, interaction between landing gears should be considered sufficiently when design. Asphalt overlay design theory and method is established, by which cumulative damage theory of Miner Law and pass-to-coverage ratio theory are adopted, fatigue cracking strain flexural-tensile stress, the shear stress of asphalt pavement on joint, fatigue equation brought forward by FAA. Lastly, this new method is made use of calculation of existing pavements of Hongqiao international airport, which indicates that the pavement can be survived to 2013 while enforcement is not needed.Asphalt overlay design theory and method under complicated conditions is established via the study on airport runway pavement overlay design to solve the common problem when implementing overlay. The gains will provide the scientific basis for relevance projects.更多还原