黄文山文化思想研究

【作者】 黄有东；

【导师】 李宗桂；

【作者基本信息】 中山大学 ， 中国哲学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 黄文山是一个“板凳坐到十年冷,文章不写一句空”的文化学家。他用一生的心血开创性地营造了一个较完备的科学的文化学体系。他不仅是中国型文化学的创建者,也是世界现代文化学的先驱之一。黄文山建设文化学的历程分前后两期:1949年他离开中国大陆去美国前为前期,这是他的文化学基本理论的形成阶段,他所想要解决的主要是中国文化的出路与建设问题; 1949年后为后期,这是他的文化学体系的完善时期,他所想要解决的是从中国文化的出路问题,进而到人类文化的出路问题。中西兼收的知识背景与丰富的文化实践经历,使其文化学体系既有“世界视野”,又有“中国本色”的优点。黄文山认为文化学是从社会学中层创而来,并以文化人类学、文化哲学等为路向。他注重文化学研究的“科学性”与“方法论”,严格地把文化学当作一门“科学”来建构。“文化”、“文化学”、“文化体系”是其文化学体系架构三个基本范畴。以它们为中心,涉及到基本内容有:“文化”的定义、分类、性质与特征;文化学的对象、任务、研究模式、发展阶段;“文化体系”的十种“基本类型”、三种“上层类型”、结构与心态;以及成对的范畴“文化”与“社会”、“文化”与“自然”、“文化”与“文明”,“文化学”与“社会学”,“文化体系”与“自然体系”、“文化体系”与“社会体系”,等等。其文化学体系架构的重要命题有:文化学是一门独立的、自成体系的科学;文化学在科学体系中占有最高的位置;文化体系不仅会生长与没落,还可以“复兴”或“再生”;未来的文化是以中庸(中道)法则做根据,综合“冥观的文化”与“实感的文化”二者之长,成为新型的“中庸型文化”;世界文化的出路,就在于中西文化互相借鉴,建立浑融的“会通文化”,等等。世界文化浑融论,是黄文山整个文化学体系要得出的最终的结论,也是他对中国文化出路、世界文化出路的成熟的解答。从对文化学体系的整体性思考来看,黄文山是他同时代文化学者中的佼佼者;从把文化学作为独立科学进行建设来看,在同一时期,只有怀特和陈序经等少数的文化学者,能与之比肩。黄文山对文化学的开创性探索,为我们建设中国“当代文化学体系”提供了许多有益的思想资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 Huang-WenShan is a cultural scholar who has the ability to " sit on the cold wooden bench for a decade, but write none of half an empty sentence". He has devoted all his life to constructing a scientific culturological system. He is not only one of the founders of Chinese culturology, but also one of the pioneers of the international contemporary culturology.The course of Huang-WenShan constructing culturology may be divided into two periods: the first is the period before Huang-WenShan left China for America in 1949, and it is the stage when Huang-WenShan has formed the basic theories of culturology and when he endeavors to solve the main problem of finding the way out for Chinese culture. The second is the period after 1949, and it is the stage when Huang-WenShan has perfected his culturological system and when he wants to solve the problem of finding the way out for Chinese culture and even for the culture of the human race. His rich knowledge of Chinese and Western cultures and his ample cultural experiences make his culturological system characterized by the merit of having“the world view and the Chinese characteristics”.Huang-WenShan deems that culturology develops from sociology and takes cultural anthropology and cultural philosophy, etc as the specific direction for its development. He attaches importance to "scientific character" and "methodology" of his culturological studies. He constructs culturology as a science in the strict sense of the word, and builds it with scientific methodology. "culture"," culturology" and "the cultural system", are the basic categories in his culturological system. Based on them, there are the definition, category, nature and characteristics of "culture"; the object, mission, the research mode, and the development course of" culturology"; ten "basic types", three "the upper level types", the structure, and the mentality of "the cultural system"; the twin categories of "culture" and "society", "culture" and "nature", "culture" and "civilization", "culturology" and" sociology"," the cultural system" and" natural system"," the cultural system" and" social system", etc. The main propositions of his culturological system include: The culturology is an independent and systemic science in its own style; the culturology holds the highest position in the scientific system; the cultural system not only grows and declines, but also " revives" or " get rebirth”; the future culture is the middle-of-the-road type which is the synthesis of both the meditative and sensual types of culture; the way for the world cultural development is to constitute a culture which blends the Chinese and the western cultures. Cultural blending is a natural conclusion drawn from his culturological system and a mature answer to the question concerning the way for the development of Chinese culture and even the world culture.From the perspective of dealing with the culturological system in a comprehensive way, Huang-WenShan is particularly outstanding among his contemporary scholars; from the perspective of constructing culturology as an independent and scientific subject, only a handful of culturologialists at his time, such as White and Chen-XuJing, etc. who can approach him during that time. Huang-WenShan’s pioneering work in culturology can provide for us much experience and lessons in constructing " the contemporary culturological system" in China.更多还原