【作者】 赵晓雷；

【导师】 裴玉龙；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 交通基础设施是国民经济的命脉,公路是交通基础设施的重要组成部分。为适应社会经济的快速持续发展,我国公路通车总里程不断增加,高速公路及一级、二级公路比重不断增长。公路建成通车后,在不断增长的交通负荷作用下,随着运营时间的推移,公路及其配套设施会出现不同程度的损害和老化,需要进行维护或重建;同时,还有大量的公路需要不断进行升级和改造。据不完全统计,每年需要进行改扩建或大修作业的公路约占全部通车里程的8%以上。在这些改扩建工程和大修作业的实施过程中,由于受到各种因素的综合影响,道路交通事故频发、交通安全形势十分严峻,已引起社会各界的普遍关注。本文主要针对公路改扩建和大修作业过程中的若干交通安全问题加以理论研究,进而提出一些管理和工程对策。论文主要以同江至三亚公路佳哈段改扩建工程作为案例进行调查与分析。首先调查和收集近年来黑龙江省公路交通事故资料,尤其是公路改扩建工程、大中修及维护保养期间内发生的交通事故资料,研究公路交通事故特征与影响因素;并以公路改扩建交通事故原始资料为基础,通过对公路改扩建交通事故典型案例的分析,研究交通事故的成因,并应用累计频率法对改扩建路段施工期事故多发点进行了鉴别。然后,分析了公路改扩建路段的路面使用特性、平曲线半径及纵坡特性、交通量分布与交通组成特性;依据实际调查数据,采用回归分析方法建立了不同类型车辆在改扩建路段不同区间上的车辆行驶速度模型。分析了公路改扩建作业区车辆的运行特性和公路改扩建作业区行车的危险因素;根据黑龙江省和哈尔滨市公路交通事故数据,对比分析了公路施工作业期间和非施工作业期间、作业区和非作业区的交通安全状况,揭示了公路改扩建作业区交通安全状况更为严重的现象和规律。应用交通冲突技术分析了车辆在驶入作业区、通过作业区、驶出作业区过程中车辆合流潜在的危险性,并分别对单向全封闭和单向未全封闭两种情况建立了相应的交通冲突模型,进而建立了改扩建作业区的交通冲突模型。讨论了公路改扩建作业区合理长度的设置问题,通过计算给出了水泥、沥青混凝土路面在干燥、潮湿及不同纵坡的条件下,警告区长度要素Lv和Ls的建议值;探讨了两车道和四车道工作区最佳长度的确定问题,并以算例进行了应用分析。通过对驾驶员识认交通标志的整个过程的分析,推导了公路改扩建作业区交通标志的前置距离计算公式,提出了标志重复设置距离及其在驾驶员视野中作用时间的计算方法,并给出了相应的建议值;分析了汽车碰撞护栏的过程及其对护栏设置高度的要求,给出了各种安全护栏设置高度的建议值,提出了护栏套管增高法。提出以下几种工程措施来保障公路改扩建路段的交通安全:采用蓝派冲击压实技术将旧水泥砼板破碎后加铺沥青面层,以减少旧水泥砼板在接(裂)缝处引起的沥青面层反射裂缝;采用调整沥青混合料的级配,以适应黑龙江省季节性冰冻区特点,改善路面行车安全性能,提高路面抗滑性能、抗车辙能力和耐久性;采用桥梁顶升技术进行施工,解决公路改扩建工程中桥下净空不足的问题。论文取得的主要创新性研究成果包括:提出了改扩建作业区交通标志设置的位置条件,给出了确定公路改扩建警告区长度要素Lv和Ls的建议值;建立了公路改扩建作业区交通冲突模型;建立了公路改扩建路段不同类型车辆运行速度模型;分析确定了公路改扩建过程中道路交通事故的主要影响因素,揭示了公路改扩建作业区交通安全状况严重的现象和规律;针对公路改扩建工程,提出了保证车辆安全运行的护栏套管增高法、采用蓝派冲击压实技术减少沥青面层反射裂缝、调整沥青混合料级配提高路面抗滑性能及采用桥梁顶升技术保证桥下净空等工程措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Transportation infrastructure is the vitals of the national economy, and highway is the important part of the transportation infrastructure. The total mileage open to traffic in China are increasing and the proportion of freeway and first-class highway and second-class highway are all increasing to adapt quick development of society economy. After building and opening to traffic, highway and its establishment become aging and damaged with increasing of the traffic load and processing of service time, so it needs maintenance or reconstruction, at the same time, more highways need alteration and reconstruction. By incomplete statistic, which highway needs reconstruction and extension or heavy maintenance is more than 8% to all. In the process of reconstruction and extension or heavy maintenance, because of the integrated infection of many factors, traffic accidents frequently occurred, traffic safety trend was very serious, and more and more people pay attention to it now. This paper is mainly theoretically studying the traffic safety problems during the reconstruction and extension or heavy maintenance, then giving some management and project countermeasure. In the study process, TONGSAN highway on JIAHA section is the mainly case for survey and analysis.Firstly, the paper investigated and collected traffic accident data of highway in Heilongjiang province recently, especially during reconstruction and extension of highway, studied traffic accident characteristics and influencing factor, studied the genesis of traffic accident based on original traffic accident data in reconstruction and extension of highway by analyzing classical case of traffic accident in reconstruction and extension of highway, and identified accident black spots during reconstruction and extension applying cumulative frequency method. Then, the paper analyzed pavement operating characteristics, horizontal curve radius and longitudinal gradient characteristics, traffic volume distributing and traffic composition characteristics of reconstruction and extension section, established vehicle running speed model of different kinds of vehicles in different interval on reconstruction and extension section using regression analysis method by actual investigation.The paper analyzed vehicle running characteristic and running risk factors in work zone of reconstruction and extension of highway, compared and analyzed traffic safety condition during the period of construction and non- construction and in work zone and non-work zone according to highway traffic accident data of Heilongjiang province and Harbin City, revealing the phenomenon and rule that traffic safety condition is more serious in work zone of reconstruction and extension. Using traffic conflict theories, the potential danger of vehicle running in the work zone during the period of the vehicle driving near the work zone, passing the work zone and leaving the work zone is analyzed, and traffic conflict model of three processing above is analyzed from one-way totally enclosed condition and one-way not totally enclosed condition, then the traffic conflict model of reconstruction and extension work zone is established.The paper discussed the problem of proper length in reconstruction and extension work zone of highway, gave the suggestion value of warning zone length component Lv and Ls of cement and asphalt concrete pavement on drying and damp condition in different longitudinal gradient, discussed optimal length determination of two lanes and four lanes in work zone analyzing with examples, deduced advanced distance formula of traffic signs of reconstruction and extension work zone, brought forward calculation method of repeated setting distance of signs and function time of signs in driver’s visual field, gave the corresponding suggestion value, analyzed the process of the vehicle collision to barrier and the height request of the barrier setting, gave suggestion value of different kinds of barrier height and brought forward a method of making barrier column higher with the bushing.The paper brought forward following project measures to guarantee traffic safety on reconstruction and extension section: adopted the LANDPAC impact compaction technique and breaking up the deteriorated cement concrete plank reducing the reflector crack caused by deteriorated cement concrete plank at the joint and prolonging the spacing of the reflector crack, adopted adjusting graduation of the mixture of the bituminous concrete to improve the safety performance to increase anti-slippery function, the anti-rut ability, the durability of highway, fitting to the characteristics of the seasonal frost zone in Heilongjiang province, adopted lifting technique of bridge aiming at solving underclearance deficiency in the reconstruction and extension project in highway.The main research innovative results of obtain include: brought forward the location condition which used to confirm the traffic sign setting of the reconstruction and extension work zone, gave the suggestion value of Lv and Ls which used to confirm the length of warning zone of the reconstruction and extension work zone, established traffic conflict model of the reconstruction and extension work zone, established running speed model of various vehicle on the reconstruction and extension section, analyzed main traffic accident influencing factor on the reconstruction and extension section of highway, revealed the phenomenon and rule of traffic safety severity of the reconstruction and extension work zone, brought forward a method of making barrier column higher with the bushing, adjusted graduation of the mixture of the bituminous concrete to increase anti-slippery function, adopted the LANDPAC impact compaction technique to reduce the reflector crack caused by deteriorated cement concrete plank, adopted the lifting technique of bridge to guarantee underclearance.更多还原