水文造字机制研究

【作者】 翟宜疆；

【导师】 王元鹿；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 作为“拼盘文字”的水文是一种在文字史、普通文字学与比较文字学多方面极富认识价值的中国少数民族文字。由于种种原因，水文也是一种至今研究水平有限从而亟待加强研究的文字。本论文的主旨是：结合定量统计与定性分析，从造字机制的角度出发，对水文进行文字系统、文字符号与语言单位的对应关系、义类等多方面的研究。本文主要结论有：一、水文是一种处于相对不成熟阶段的表词—意音文字。二、由水文造字系统看，水文的表意系统不够发达，具体体现在：象形字多于指事字，指事字多于会意字，以及有多种相当原始的造字方法，等等。此外，水文有假借现象，并已有形声字的萌芽。三、从水文符号与语言单位的对应关系来看，水文是一个处于从早期文字向表词—意音文字过渡阶段的文字，具体表现在它还不能很准确地按顺序记录语言中的词。四、从义类角度看，水文是一种兼有生活与宗教用途的文字。五、从水文的发生与发展历史来看，水文是先有本民族的自造字，然后有汉字借源字，最后又出现两种文字的拼合字。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shui character, the so called "assorted-dishes characters", is one of the Chinese minorities’ characters, and contains rich cognitive values in history of characters, general philology and comparative philology. The study of Shui characters is somewhat limited so far due to various reasons, and thus requires further research in this field.The theme of this dissertation is: studying Shui characters from various aspects of character system, character symbol, the corresponding relationship between character symbols and language units, and semantic category by combing quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis based on word formation mechanism.Major conclusions are as follows:1. Shui character is a kind of Word-ideo sound Written Languages which is only in a comparatively immature stage.2. The meaning system of Shui character is not very developed as far as its word formation system is concerned, which is demonstrated in that: the number of pictographic characters is the most, followed by self-explanatory ones and associative compounds ones, and there are many fairly primitive word formation methods. Besides, loan characters do exit in Shui characters while phonogram ones are still in the bud.3. In terms of the corresponding relation between Shui character symbols and language units, it can be regarded as a transitional character from the early time characters to the Word-ideo sound Written Languages, as is demonstrated in its failure in recording phases of language in an accurate and orderly manner.4. Observed from meaning category, Shui character shoulders both living and religious purposes.5. As for the creation and development of Shui character, it is originally a self-created character by the Shui people, develops into Chinese deriving characters of Chinese, and finally becomes a conjunction character of the mentioned two characters.更多还原