【作者】 朱学贵；

【导师】 王毅；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 电力系统及自动化， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 永磁操动机构的零部件少、免维护、可靠性高，与真空断路器的特性配合良好。永磁机构已大量用于10-35KV的中压开关电器，但是与弹簧机构相比，市场占有量还很小，在高压领域是一片空白。高压永磁机构对激磁线圈的大电流要求，也引起了温升、控制等一系列问题，使永磁机构的成本难以降低甚至无法实现。另外，目前永磁机构的研究和开发过分依赖经验，缺少较全面的理论指导。论文的体系主要包括理论、设计、仿真和物理实验四大部分。充分运用机械、电磁的交叉理论，对机构特性进行理论分析，进而运用计算机辅助技术、虚拟仿真技术对机构进行设计、分析和改进，然后采用先进的高压开关测试控制系统对制作的物理样机进行运动特性和电气特性试验。论文的主要内容包括：首先从机械结构、永磁铁材料和布置、线圈布置、电源与控制技术、数学物理方法、计算机辅助技术和试验技术对国内外永磁机构的应用现状和技术现状进行了全面的阐述和分析。通过发展现状及前景表明，研究大开距、高电压、低电流的永磁机构具有重要的社会意义和巨大的经济价值。第二，对永磁机构的电磁场理论进行分析和研究，建立了不同永磁机构的数学模型，阐述了求解方法，并提出了分形有限元的新方法。第三，针对双稳态永磁机构，利用磁网络方法，建立等效磁路，提出基于空间磁通管的散磁导计算方法，分析了磁路对于保持力的影响。设计磁短路环装置，建立数学模型，经过仿真计算表明，可以大大减小双稳态永磁机构的分闸启动电流，提高分闸速度，特别适用于高电压、大开距的永磁机构。第四，针对高电压、长行程单稳态永磁机构的合闸问题，设计变气隙自锁式的新型单稳态永磁机构，分析单稳态永磁机构的磁路系统。通过计算机辅助手段进行联合仿真分析。最后针对新设计的单稳态永磁机构，制作出物理样机，并进行了充分的实验，表明这种机构原理可行，工作正常，可以大大增强永磁机构的合闸启动能力。但也指出，由于这是新型单稳态永磁机构的首次探索性、创新性研究，还需要对机构进行改进和设计配套的试验控制系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 The permanent magnetic actuator (PMA) is characteristic of few parts, free maintenance, high reliability and adaptability to the vacuum circuit breaker (VCB). It has been used extensively in the middle-low-voltage switches from 10 to 35 kV but had a small share of market compared with that of the spring actuator, and done nothing especially for the high-voltage switches for years. The high-voltage PMA must be driven by a larger startup current resulting in unwanted temperature and hard control, so it is costly and impracticable. On the other hand, to study and develop the PMA researchers depend on too much experience instead of a comprehensive theoretic system.Aiming at the above awkward situation, the dissertation dives into the theory, design, simulation and experiment of the new PMA. The characteristics of actuators are studied based on the mechanical and electromagnetic theories. They are then designed, analyzed and modified though the computer-aided technologies and virtual simulation technology. An advanced test and control system of HV switches is used to verify the motion and electrical characteristics of the single-stable prototype. The dissertation covers the following contents.Firstly, a broad overview of the past and present of PMA at home and abroad is given in the aspects of mechanical structures, permanent magnet materials and placement, windings arrangement, power and control, mathematical physics, CAT and test technologies. The long-trip, high-voltage and low-current PMA is of huge social and economical values from its today and future.Secondly, as a result of study on the electromagnetism of PMA, mathematical models of three kinds of PMA are established, followed by how to solve them, especially the fractal finite element method.Thirdly, an equivalent magnetic circuit is set up for the bi-stable PMA. Then a new method on the basis of spatial flux tubes is proposed to solve the emanative permeance. The magnetic circuit’s influence on the retention is also analyzed. Two coupled magnetic short-circuit rings are fixed in the opening gap, which are expressed by mathematic models and simulated to prove a lower opening current and a higher opening speed. The design is aiming at the high-voltage and long-trip PMA. Finally, the initiative design of new single-stable PMA is to solve the closing problem of high-voltage and long-trip one. For the purpose, three chapters from five to seven in the dissertation focus on analysis of the magnetic circuit, design and simulation of the structure and motion as well as the test of the physical prototype, a gap-variable and self-locked single-stable PMA. The results prove that the design is practicable and effective, and improves largely the starting ability when closing. However, it is pointed out that the new PMA is creative but later modification is necessary for field use, not only itself but also the test and control system.更多还原