【作者】 顾湘；

【导师】 曲福田；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 区域经济发展本质上是生产要素在一定空间范围内集聚、组合和增值的过程。土地作为支撑区域经济发展的承载基础和发展资本，其本质是空间资源，区域经济的发展必须落实到具体的空间上，脱离土地支撑的经济发展就像空中楼阁。推动产业结构调整、优化是区域发展的主题，产业结构在很大程度上决定了稀缺资源的配置效果。在一定意义上，产业的空间结构就是土地利用结构。经验表明，不同产业以及产业内部各个行业的用地数量不同，或者说一定数量的土地资源用于不同产业(行业)，其投入产出结果会有很大差异。随着经济的快速发展，土地外延扩张式粗放利用已经难以持续拓展产业发展空间，推进土地集约利用，将成为区域土地利用的主要目标。一方面，产业发展水平和产业结构演变决定了土地利用方式、结构及其变化。另一方面，土地利用状态、禀赋、方式以及用地政策和制度等因素也会约束和引导区域产业发展及结构调整的方向。因此，区域产业结构调整与土地集约利用有着密切的关系。本文将研究切入点定位于产业结构与土地利用的互动关系上，深入探讨区域产业结构调整与土地集约利用的互动影响机理，以及结合土地集约利用水平，运用土地利用政策参与宏观经济调控，引导和约束区域产业结构调整，追求促进土地集约利用的区域产业结构调整战略的实现，达到土地资源可持续利用、经济社会可持续发展的目的，为构建和谐社会奠定基础。论文首先简要介绍了研究的目的意义、理论框架与技术路线、研究目标与研究内容、研究方法与数据来源，回顾了相关的国内外研究动态，并进行简要评述。接着对土地集约利用的概念和内涵进行界定，并区分了相关概念，明确了本丈中区域和产业结构调整的内涵，根据研究需要从土地集约利用的客观条件、内在机制、程度确定和研究目标方面对土地稀缺、地租地价、区位、报酬递减、可持续发展等相关理论进行回顾和归纳，为土地集约利用研究奠定理论基础。考虑到区域产业结构调整与土地集约利用各自的复杂性，论文首先根据产业结构演进规律和土地基本功能的一般对应关系，构建区域产业结构调整与土地集约利用的互动影响分析理论框架，将产业结构分为国民经济三次产业结构和三次产业内部行业结构调整与土地集约利用两个层次深入探讨。指出极为有限的土地资源既是产业发展的基础载体又是其空间约束，产业结构调整是土地利用结构变化的直接动力，影响着土地利用方式和布局，同时，产业的分布特征和生产效率也受到土地利用方式和程度的制约和影响，并且也改变着土地利用的各种功能。强调不同产业发展阶段，人们开发和利用土地的方式存在显著的时代特征，在我国现阶段，土地仍是经济发展的重要因素，同时土地与资本替代率在逐步降低，表明随着产业结构的不断调整，土地集约利用是必然趋势。从而为深入、系统分析区域产业结构调整与土地集约利用的互动影响提供了必要的研究视角、范围和逻辑基础。接着论文在理论上分析区域产业结构调整与土地集约利用的互动影响机理和途径。区域产业结构调整，反映在地理空间上就是区域产业布局的调整和归并。区域产业结构调整带来的部门配置效应是土地资源集约利用水平和效益提升的重要途径，区域产业结构特征决定了包括土地等要素的集聚能力和辐射的影响范围，规模效益和集聚效益推动土地集约利用水平的合理提升。按照市场经济规律，区域产业结构和布局的调整都将引起土地的投入产出发生变化，内在的价格机制能够引导土地利用方式逐渐集约化。因此区域产业结构调整可以提高建设用地效益和集约度，有利于用地结构的优化。其结果是区域产业用地呈圈层式布局。土地集约利用对区域产业结构调整具有反作用力。区域产业结构是建立在土地、人力、资本、技术等诸多要素基础上的，可以说人们利用土地资源的方式和程度决定了区域产业结构和布局，追求效益最大化是区域产业结构调整的内在动力。土地供给与需求、成本与效益以及地租水平和区位条件的变化对区域产业结构调整都具有显著影响，在报酬递减规律作用下不同产业(行业)用地投资容量和产出效能不同决定了不同的土地集约利用合理水平，进而引起区域产业结构的变化。土地集约利用政策是土地参与经济宏观调控，引导和约束区域产业结构调整的主要途径。为了与理论分析相对应，根据产业结构一般理论和演进规律，考察我国产业结构的演进轨迹，判断我国目前产业发展处于工业化的中前期阶段。与之相对应，近年来我国土地利用逐渐从粗放向集约化转变，但是由于面临人地矛盾、用地低效等难题，以及我国转型时期市场、法制不完善、政府干预边界难以确定等深层次症结的存在，判断近期内我国土地利用方式将处于外延扩张和内涵提高并举的转型阶段，但仍以粗放利用为主。单指标分析中发现，我国产业结构变化与土地集约利用之间存在着显著的正比例关系，第二、三产业增加值占GDP比重每增加1％，土地集约利用水平将会提升约9％。但是，土地集约利用是多种因素共同作用的结果，人口增加、经济增长和技术进步、政府管制、土地资源市场化配置程度都是影响产业用地集约利用水平的重要因素。从而为进一步定量化研究我国土地集约利用与产业结构调整提供了理论基础。为了深入探究，定量的回答区域产业结构如何影响土地集约利用以及土地集约利用政策引导区域产业结构调整的依据问题，论文通过面板数据的分析，运用恰当的模型进行模拟，考察区域差异；并依据比较优势理论和适当的模型，模拟出我国东中西部地区三大产业用地的比较优势；以及通过对江苏省第二产业内部主要工业行业用地集约利用水平的现状评价和比较分析，研究操作层面的产业用地配置和产业内部行业结构调整问题。得到以下基本结论：(1)区域产业结构调整对土地集约利用影响显著，且具有区域差异性。统计检验显示的第二、三产业对建设用地集约利用水平的影响均比较显著，其中第二产业影响更大。同时，不同区域产业结构调整对土地集约利用的影响不同，东部地区影响最为显著，西部地区最弱。说明第二、三产业越发达的地区，土地集约利用水平越高，调整产业结构有利于促进土地集约利用水平的提升。从发展的趋势上看，东部地区第二产业弹性系数高于全国平均水平，中部地区与全国平均水平持平，西部地区低于全国平均水平，形成明显的梯度，尤其在中、西部地区第二产业地位的提升将拉动土地集约利用水平的显著提高；而第三产业影响力稍弱，尤其是在西部地区，随着第二、三产业地位的相对改变，第三产业对提高区域土地集约利用水平有巨大潜力。(2)土地集约利用政策对区域产业结构调整影响显著，土地利用比较优势为土地集约利用政策引导和约束区域产业结构调整提供用地依据。我国三大经济区域产业用地利用比较优势度量结果表明：东部地区第一产业和第二、三产业用地利用效率均具有比较优势，中部地区第一产业用地利用效率具有比较优势，西部地区第二、三产业用地利用效率具有比较优势。可以根据比较优势制定土地集约利用政策，进行产业用地布局，提出促进土地集约利用的产业结构区域协调战略取向，产业转移的目标是逐步将西部地区建成国家能源、矿产资源主要接替区，将中部地区建成重要物流基地和现代农业基地，东部沿海地区要积极发展高新技术产业和现代服务业，提高劳动密集型产业准入门槛，促进传统产业向中西部地区转移。土地集约利用政策是以上目标的实现途径。(3)第二产业(特指工业)内部行业结构调整也应结合土地集约利用水平，优化产业结构和布局，促进工业用地集约利用。工业内部各个行业用地集约利用水平的显著差距能够为区域产业结构调整提供用地依据。与经济增长方式相对应，近期内江苏省土地利用将处于外延扩张和内涵提高并举的转型阶段。主要工业行业企业用地情况调查结果表明，根据不同工业行业土地集约利用水平，应鼓励苏南地区大力发展电子等高新技术型产业，食品、纺织、轻工和机械等行业也应适当发展；苏中地区发展建材、电力、冶金、化工、纺织等具有比较优势的行业；苏北地区可以重点发展食品、化工、医药、机械等行业。通过产业转移等方式为苏南地区腾出更多的产业升级和发展空间，拉动苏中和苏北地区产业的快速发展。上述研究结果，还无法回答如何将土地集约利用理念融入区域产业结构调整的战略决策问题，研究土地集约利用是为制定土地利用政策服务，但是必须结合具体国情，以市场机制配置土地资源为基础，政府调控为补充，设定政府行为的边界，才有利于合理利用土地资源，促进土地资源的可持续利用。本文认为这需要通过土地集约利用政策的设计才能实现。依靠政策手段实现土地参与宏观经济调控，引导产业结构调整依然是目前比较快捷、有效的方法。从理论上和国内外实践经验上来看，运用土地集约利用政策能够引导产业结构调整的方向和进程，有利于优化区域产业结构和布局。设计影响区域产业结构调整的土地集约利用政策必须与经济增长方式转变和区域产业发展阶段相结合，与产业政策相匹配，通过资源配置方式改革和政府职能转变以及成功模式的推广与制度创新，促进区域产业结构向更合理的高度化转变。构建包括强化土地产权管理、健全土地市场体系、完善土地税费制度、配合区域产业政策、建立区域合作机制以及加强用地动态监督的土地集约利用政策体系。而产业用地门槛是土地集约利用与区域产业结构调整相结合的政策创新。鉴于产业用地门槛政策设计的针对性和复杂性，仅结合江苏省工业用地集约利用实证分析结果，进行具体区域的土地集约利用政策创新。根据江苏省产业发展战略和本文工业行业用地集约利用分析结果，选择江苏省各区域未来重点发展的产业，并按照地区分类和产业划分设计建筑容积率、投资强度和地均产出三个产业用地门槛，将土地集约利用与区域产业结构调整有机结合起来，构成基于土地集约利用水平的区域产业结构调整战略，为江苏省各区域产业发展和土地利用提供指导。文章最后对全文研究结论进行归纳和总结，并展望后续研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Regional economic development is a process of production essential accumulation, combination and increment in given range. As the carrying of activity and production for people, land is special resource in fact. Regional economic development has to repose on the actual space, and it is unimaginable for regional development disengaged land support. Push industrial structure adjustment and optimization is the topic of regional development. Allocation effect of scarce resource is decided by industrial structure on a certain extent. Sometimes, land use structure is the special reflection of industrial structure. Actually, land resource is used by different industries, and then their production is largely different. With rapid economy development, it is difficult to extend the space for industrial development with land extensive use. Promoting land intensive use will be the main aim of regional land use. The mode, structure and change of land use lies on industry development and industrial structure evolvement. On the other side, the state, endowment, mode, policy of land use also can induct and restrict regional industrial development and the way of structure adjustment. Above all, there is conesponding relation between regional industrial structure and land intensive use. The paper will start from the relation between industrial structure and land use, and deeply discuss the mutual influence of regional industrial structure adjustment and land intensive use. Designing land intensive use policies to be one way of macroeconomic regulation and control induct and inhibit regional industrial structure adjustment through the level of land use intensive. Pursue to actualize the strategy of regional industrial structure adjustment advancing land intensive use. Realize the aime of land sustainable use and social and economic sustainable development. Be the bottom for harmonious society.Firstly, the objective & research background, theoretical framework & technique route, research objective & contents, research methods & sources of data used are introduced. The literature of domestic and abroad is reviewed and commented also. Then the definition and connotation of land intensive use is confirmed, and some relative concepts are distinguished. Also the connotation of region and industrial structure adjustment in this paper are explained. As research theoretical basic, land scare, rent & land-value, location, reward descending and sustainable development theories are reviewed and concluded.Since the complexity of regional industrial structure and land intensive use respectively, according to the common theory and evolvement rule of industrial structure, judge nowadays industrial development of China is on the stage of prophase and middle. Then analyze the mutual relation of industrial structure evolvement and land use change, and point out that limited land resource is not only the basic cattier also the space restriction. Industrial structure adjustment is direct drive to land use structure evolvement and influence the mode and layout of land use. Meantime, the distributing characters and production efficiency of industries would be restricted and influenced by the mode and degree of land use, and also various functions of land use would change. Emphasize the different stages of industrial development, and people exploit and use land resource has distinct age remarks. In China’s development stage, land also is the important factor in economic development. The substitute rate of land and capital is gradually reducing, and it indicates that land intensive use is necessary trend with industrial structure adjustment. Recent years, the fact can verify it that China’s land use mode from extensive use to intensive use. But since there are some problems such as the conflict of people and land, land use low efficiency, and deep sticking points like market and legal system faultiness, useless or inefficient control of government in China’s transfer period. Judge that in certain future time, the stage of China’s land use mode would still be a transfer period with extensive use and intensive use, but extensive use is still the main mode. It supports the necessary research visual angle, scope and logic basic to study on the influence of regional industrial structure adjustment to land intensive use.Paper analyzes the mutual influence mechanism and approach of regional industrial structure adjustment and land intensive use on theory and demonstration. Regional industrial structure adjustment is change and mergering of regional industrial distribution on geography. The effect of department allocation is the main way to improve the level of land resource intensive use with industrial structure adjustment. The character of reginal industrial structure decides convergency and radiancy of land and other factors. The benefit of scale and convergency reasonably promotes land intensive use. According to the analysis of market economic law, investment and output on land would change with the adjustment and layout of regional industrial structure. Internal value mechanism could induce the mode to land intensive use. So regional industrial structure adjustment could improve benefit and intensivism of constructive land, and be propitious to optimize land use structure. The result is layout like circles of regional industrial land. From the analysis of single indicator, there is the relation of distinct direct proportion between industrial structure change and land intensive use in China. That is the level of land intensive use will increase about 9% with 1%increase of the proportion of adding value on second & third industries in GDP. But population increase, economic increase, technology advancement, government control and the allocation level of land market are all important influence factors to industrial land intensive use. The analysis framework supplies the theoretic basic for farther quantitative analysis on land intensive use and industrial structure adjustment in China.Land intensive use has the counter force to regional industrial structure adjustment. Regional industrial structure is based on the factors such as land, human resource, capital and technology. The use mode and degree of land resource decide the structure and layout of regional industries. And pursuing benefit maximum is the internal drive whatever regional industrial structure adjustment. The effects of land supply and demand, cost and benefit of land use, land rent and location have distinct influence to regional industrial structure adjustment. Investment capability and output efficiency of different industrial land are different and dicide different level of land intensive use, then arise the change of regional industrial structure. The research aim of influence of land intensive use to regional industrial structure adjustment is service for design land use policy. But combining the detail situation of our country, market mechanism is the base to allocating land resource and government control is the complementarity. It is good to reasonably use land resource and improve land resource sustainable use. Also the action boundary of government must be limited.For answering how to influence and the indicating gist, paper handles the panel data, modeling and analyzes regional difference. According to compare dominance theory and proper model simulate the compare dominance of industrial land in China’s east, middle and west regions. Then emphasize on the appraisal and compare analysis on land intensive use of the main industrial enterprises, for researching industrial land allocation and industries internal structure adjustment. Main conclusions are put forward as follows:(1) The influence of regional industrial structure adjustment to land intensive use is distinct and regional difference. The influences of second and third industries are both obvious. Comparatively, the influence of second industry is more. Meanwhile, different regions the influence is different. The influence in east region is most prominent, and in west region is lowest. It indicates that some region has the more developed second and third industries, and the higher level of land intensive use, and then adjustment of industrial structure would benefit to improve the level of land intensive use. From development trend, the elasticity coefficient of second industry in east region is higher than average level of China, and middle region is at the same level with average level, and the coefficient in west region is lower than average level. It is obvious grads, especially in middle and west regions, and the position upgrade of second industry will improve the level of land intensive use. The influence of third industry is a bit lower, especially in west region, but there is great potential of third industry pull the level of land intensive use increase with relative position change between second and third industries.(2) The influence of land intensive use to regional industrial structure adjustment is distinct and regional difference. The compare dominance of industrial land intensive use is the gist for regional industrial structure adjustment. The result of measurement for three economic regions indicates: the efficiency of the first, second and third industrial land intensive use all have compare dominance in east region; the efficiency of the first industrial land intensive use has compare dominance in middle region; the efficiency of the second and third industrial land intensive use has compare dominance in west region. So according to above compare dominance, plan the overall arrangement of industrial land and design region harmonious strategy tropism of industrial structure for improving land intensive use. The aim of industries transfer is gradually building a main superseding zone of national energy sources and mine sources in west region; building an important base of modern transportation and agriculture in middle region; developing high technical industries and modern service industries in east region, and enhancing the admittance threshold of labor intensive industries, and promoting traditional industries to transfer to middle and west regions. And land intensive use policy is the effective way to realize above aim.(3) The structure adjustment of the second internal industries would combine the level of land intensive use for optimizing industrial structure and overall arrangement and improving industrial land intensive use. Compared with the mode of economic increase, in the future recent years, the mode of land use in Jiangsu province would be in a transfer phase with extension expanding and intension advance. The results of investigation for main industrial enterprises land indicate: according to the level of different industrial land intensive use, electronic and other high & new technical industries would be encouraged to develop, and delicatessen, weave, engine, light industries would properly develop in the south of Jiangsu province; some industries with compare dominance such as building material, electric power, metallurgy, weave, and chemical industries would develop in the middle of Jiangsu province; delicatessen, medication, engine, and chemical industries would be the important developed industries in the north of Jiangsu province. More space for industries upgrade and development would be vacated in the south of Jiangsu province through industries transfer, etc. and pull rapid development of industries in the middle and north of Jiangsu Province.But above research results cannot answer how to put the though of land intensive use into the strategy of regional industrial structure adjustment. It needs the policy design of land intensive use. It still is relatively shortcut and effective method depending on policy to realize that land acts on macroeconomic adjustment and control for inducting industrial structure adjustment. From the experiences of theory and domestic and abroad, land intensive use policy can induct the direction and process of industrial structure adjustment, and it is propitious to optimize regional industrial structure and overall arrangement. Mode transfer of economic increase and the phase of regional industrial development would be combined in designing the policy. Also industrial policy would be matching. Regional industrial structure would improve to change to more reasonable upgrade through resource allocation reform, government function transformation, successful mode extended and policy innovation. Form a policy system of land intensive use, including stronger land property right management, better land market system, perfect land tax and fee policy, cooperating regional industrial policy, building regional cooperative mechanism and strengthening dynamic intendance on land use. Industrial land threshold is a policy innovation combined with land intensive use and regional industrial structure adjustment. Because of pertinency and complexity of the policy designing on industrial land threshold, paper would concretely innovates policy on regional land intensive use through the analysis results of demonstration in Jiangsu province. According to industrial development strategy in Jiangsu province and the results of analysis on industrial land intensive use, this paper chooses the key industries in different regions in Jiangsu province and designs three industrial land threshold in term of region division and industries partition, and they are building capacity rate threshold, investment intension threshold and land output threshold. It can make a strategy of regional industrial structure adjustment based on the level of land intensive use and supply the guidance for industrial development and land use in different regions of Jiangsu province.Lastly, paper shows the important conclusions of this research and proposes some advices for the continuous studies.更多还原