【作者】 代建民；

【导师】 齐欢；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 系统工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 随着高科技信息技术的发展,21世纪初战场形态表现出非线式远距离大纵深作战的非线性特性和高度的不确定性,形成了高技术条件下局部联合作战的基本战争形态。与之相应的整个作战系统从平台中心战向网络中心战过渡,即通过集指挥(Command)、控制(Control)、通信(Communication)、计算机(Computer)和情报(Intelligence)、监视(Surveillance)、侦察(Reconnaissance)为一体的C4ISR系统,把广泛分散的、多种多样的兵力联接成一个信息网络,形成“战斗力的倍增器”。本文将高技术条件下联合作战指挥理论、网络中心战、C4ISR网络系统与系统工程相结合,在综述了国内外对联合作战C4ISR系统研究的基础上,以网络中心战下联合作战C4ISR系统中作战任务空间、武器交互网络、信息网络、指挥网络为背景,研究了任务分配、信息分配、决策群组以及复杂网络的关联与设计等问题。本文分析了以平台为中心的作战系统认知模型(比如OODA模型、M-OODA模型和CECA模型)、网络中心战概念框架,分析了以网络为中心的作战系统的信息优先参考模型,提出了一种新的在网络中心战条件下联合作战C4ISR系统的认知模型。以往对C4ISR系统的认知主要集中在其基本组成以及平台与平台之间的交互能力上,而忽略了C4ISR系统在网络中心战条件下的网络化特性。因此本文所提出的认知模型具体描述了组成C4ISR系统网络的传感器网络、武器交战网络与指挥控制网络的构成框架,以及与作战环境任务之间的相互耦合关系,为C4ISR系统的建模与分析提供了新的研究思路与理论基础。在平台中心战中,各种平台通过合同作战方式进行任务分配,任务分配所需资源是以平台为基本单位的。但是在网络中心战中,由C4ISR系统构成了武器交战网络,此时任务分配表现出以分散的平台武器系统为基本作战资源单位的新特点。本文在分析了作战任务空间、交战武器网络模型、任务分配模型综述的基础上,探讨了以武器系统为作战资源单位而构成交战网络条件下的任务分配问题,建立了C4ISR系统中武器交战网络的任务分配模型以及优化算法,优化了武器交战网络的任务-作战平台之间的任务时序安排、任务-平台分配、平台-平台组合以及任务分配调整,有效地协调了分散配置的平台武器系统而实现了网络化的“集中兵力”。该问题的研究可以为网络中心战条件下C4ISR系统的任务分配提供理论上的参考解决方案。网络中心战实质上是一个信息网络,由C4ISR系统互相连接的探测网络、交战网络和通信网络组成。为了完成一个作战任务,C4ISR系统的信息网络会探测、处理大量的信息。然而武器作战平台的信息观测能力、信息处理能力、指挥处理能力和执行能力是有限的,本文在网络中心战条件下联合作战C4ISR系统的认知模型框架下,给出了作战平台的信息节点模型、信息网络的信息流平衡约束方程以及信息网络的损失和增益模型,建立了C4ISR系统信息网络的信息分配模型以及优化算法,为优化作战过程中的信息分配以获取最大信息网络增益提供了一种设计方法。在一个大规模的联合作战系统中,C4ISR系统的指挥网由大量具有决策能力的作战平台构成。如果所有信息都由其中一个决策者来处理,这将大大的超越该决策者的信息处理能力。而且将所有的信息进行汇集处理可能会滞后、丢失而导致不确定或不正确,信息的质量也会随着时间改变,甚至会产生错误。本文在分析了C4ISR系统中指挥网络的决策群组、联合作战指挥系统的不同作战指挥方式的基础上,建立了联合作战C4ISR系统中决策群组划分的优化模型和算法。通过优化形成决策群组,在决策群组中的决策者就可以集中处理与他们相关的局部信息,提供高质量和充分数量的信息共享与协作的机会,减少因“信息超载”而导致的决策延迟,甚至根本无法决策的问题。网络中心战通过C4ISR系统的网络互联,构成了一个复杂网络系统。复杂网络的存在使得作战平台间的相互作用成为信息的“倍增器”。本文以复杂网络理论为基础,研究了基于WS模型的C4ISR系统的网络复杂性以及C4ISR系统的复杂网络优化设计。在WS模型的基础上,结合网络中心战的网络信息共享评价指标,对C4ISR系统的网络信息连接收益、信息连接成本以及网络增益进行了定义,提出了一种基于WS模型的C4ISR系统的复杂网络连接优化模型,为C4ISR系统复杂网络的设计提供了一种新的设计方法。通过本文研究,尤其是对网络中心战条件下的C4ISR系统的网络化整体性能优化的深入探讨,为今后进一步的研究工作打下了坚实的基础。同时也发掘了网络中心战中的一些新问题及其研究思路和方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of high technology at the beginning of 21 century, the battlefield of warfare was characterized by the high nonlinearity and uncertainty in the local Joint Operation System. The Combat System changed from the platform-centric warfare to the Network-Centric Warfare (NCW), which connected the widely dispersive and various military strength to an information network by C4ISR system, i.e. the system of Command, Control, Communication, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance. As a result, the battle effectiveness was greatly incerased. In light of the Joint Operation Theory, Network-Centric Warfare, C4ISR System and the System Engineering, the relationship among the combat mission, weapon network, information network and the command&control network in C4ISR for NCW were studied in this article based on the research of C4ISR System Modeling from different points of view, which included the mission scheduling, information assignment, decision clusters and complex system design.The OODA model, M-OODA model and CECA model of the platform-centric warfare were analyzed and the concept framework of Network-Centric Warfare was studied, and the Information Superiority Reference Model for NCW was presented. As a result, the recognitive model of C4ISR system for NCW in Joint Operation was established, which included the constructive framework of sensor network, weapon network and the command&control network in C4ISR information network coupled with the combat environment. All these above constitute the solid foundation for modeling and analysis of the C4ISR system.In Network-Centric Warfare, all the platform’s weapons were connected into a weapon network by C4ISR, which was different from the Platform-Centric Warfare. Based on the analysis of combat mission space, weapon network and the survey of typical mission scheduling, the Mission Scheduling of weapon network in C4ISR was proposed. Through the optimum configuration of Platform-Task and Platform-Platform cooperation, the“networked force”was realized in the weapon network. The research provided a reference result for Mission Scheduling in C4ISR for NCW. Network-Centric Warfare was essentially an information network, which was composed of the sensor network, weapon network and the communication network through the C4ISR’s connection. To fulfill a mission, the C4ISR system would collect and handle a large amount of information. Given the limited processing capacity of the sensors, and the limited handling, command&control and operating ability of the system, the information assignment must be optimized. Based on the analysis of information flow, the model of platform’s information flow, the constrains, the loss&gain of information network and the information assignment were proposed. The model optimized the information assignment throughout the combat process to get the maximized network gain.In the large-scale Joint Operation, C4ISR system’s command and control network was composed of many platforms with ability of decision. If all the information was handled by just one of them, the decision capability of the platform would be exceeded, and the information would possiblly be lagged and lost, and the uncertainty of the information may increase as time gose by, which may even lead to fatal mistakes. Based on the analysis of Decision Clusters in a network and the different styles of combat, the Decision Cluster model in C4ISR for NCW was proposed. The model optimized the division of Decision Clusters, the decision-maker in one of which could handle the relative and local information to supply high-quality and sufficient information-sharing so as to decrease the decision delay and invalidation caused by“information overload”.Network-Centric Warfare was essentially a complex network through C4ISR connections, which greatly increased the battle effectiveness. Based on a survey of the complex network, the complexity of C4ISR network system was reaserched. Based on the WS complex network model, an optimalized design model for the complex network of C4ISR system for NCW was proposed, which provided a new method for designing the C4ISR network connection.The research in this article would pave the way for the future study, while discovering some new areas of research in NCW.更多还原