【作者】 孙强；

【导师】 俞理明；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 现代汉语多音字在语言实践中经常是影响交际的语言现象,也是现代汉字定音工作的难点。现代汉语多音字本质上是汉字的异读问题,现代汉语多音字规范研究属于现代汉字语音规范的范畴。本文对现代汉语多音字进行系统研究,全面考察多音字现象,并提出现代汉语多音字规范的原则和方法。本文分五章内容进行论述。第1章是序论,分为引言、现代汉语多音字现象和误用问题、多音字研究回顾、现代汉语多音字作为语言规范研究的对象、本项研究的方法和手段五个部分。讨论本文研究的缘起、研究对象、研究现状和作业方法。第2章对现代汉语多音字进行历史考察。现代汉语多音字是在历史发展过程中产生的,它以已有的语言成分为基础产生新形式,是一种基于昨天、面向今天的语言文字现象。对现代汉语多音字进行历史考察,有利于深入了解现代汉语多音字的形成。本文所考察的现代汉语多音字以《现代汉语词典》第5版中的多音字为限,该词典以外的多音字不在考察之列。包括928个多音字,1964个音节。这些多音字一部分是从上古发展到中古汉语时期形成的,一部分是从中古发展到近现代汉语的过程中形成的,和中古相对应的现代汉语多音字的音节是1293个,占多音字音节总数的65.83%,大部分的现代汉语多音字的音义关系在上古到中古汉语时期就已经形成。第3章分析现代汉语多音字的来源和成因。本章对现代汉语多音字的来源和成因从语言系统的角度进行了考察。具体方法以历史音系分析为切入点,分上古到中古汉语时期和中古到近现代汉语时期两个时段考察现代汉语多音字的形成。现代汉语多音字可以分为两类:一类是汉语音系变化形成的多音字;另有一类是非音系变化形成的多音字。非音系因素指破读、语用和用字。受汉语音系变化影响的多音字可以分为两类:一类是汉语音系规则变化造成多音,表现为一定的规则性;一类是汉语音系不规则变化造成多音。本章分三节论述,第一节讨论汉语音系发展的规则变化对多音字形成的影响,第二节是汉语音系的不规则变化对多音字形成的影响,第三节是非音系变化对多音字形成的影响。音系部分内容较多分为两节。总的来看,音系演变对现代汉语多音字的形成影响大,其中体现出规则性变化和不规则变化。规则性变化有利于学习现代汉语多音字,不规则变化属于规范要考察的对象。非音系变化也是形成现代汉语多音字的重要因素,涉及语义、语法、语用和文字几个方面。第4章对现代汉语多音字的社会语用进行分析。现代汉语多音字受社会语用的影响可以分为两大类:一类是全民常用多音字,这类字流行地域广,使用频率高,较少受到阶级、行业、地域、文化程度等方面的限制。全民常用多音字、古书面语多音字、专名多音字是现代汉语多音字占较大比重。全民常用多音字对全民交际有现实意义,是现代汉语多音字的重点,需要认真学习。在局部使用的多音字中,方言、口语、外来语因素的多音字虽然比重不大,但使用频率不低。古书面语多音字、专名多音字比重较大,但有些多音从学习和使用的角度看,意义不大,可以适当加以整理。第5章论述现代汉语多音字整理。这一章讨论现代汉语多音字整理的原则、依据、方法和具体措施。现代汉语多音字整理的原则指刚性和柔性相结合的原则,静态规范和动态规范相结合的原则,传承性原则,约定俗成原则。现代汉语多音字整理的依据分为材料依据和理论依据两类。整理的方法有两种:一是取合法;二是分化法。现代汉语多音字整理的具体措施指不同类型的多音字整理要采取不同的措施,或以语音规范为主导,或以文字规范为主导,或以词汇规范为主导,或以社会语用规范为主导。以一种规范方式为主导并综合运用其它规范方式以有效地实现对现代汉语多音字的整理。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Modern Chinese homophones are phenomena that often make communications invaluable. And they have been difficulties of work of the Modern Chinese characters’ pronunciation normalization. The problem is that there are variant pronunciations for one character. The research of the Modern Chinese homophones is a part of the Modern Chinese characters phonology normalization. The thesis researches the Modern Chinese homophones systematically. It describes the present and the past of the phenomena and postulates the principles and methods of the Modern Chinese characters phonology normalization. The thesis is divided into five chapters.The third chapter is about the analysis of resources and reasons of the Modern Chinese homophones.The resources and reasons of forms of the Modern Chinese homophones are studied in the history of Chinese. At beginning the Modern Chinese homophones are analyzed with the method of diachronic phonology. The history of forming of the Modern Chinese homophones is divided in two periods: (1)Ancient Chinese period to Archic Chinese period; (2)Archic Chinese period to Modern Chinese period.The Modern Chinese homophones can be divided into two groups: (1)the homophones affected by Chinese diachronic phonology reasons; (2)the homophones affected by Chinese in-phonology reasons; In-phonology reasons mean such three reasons: variant pronunciation for meaning, pragmatics and using of characters. Those affected by Chinese phonology reasons can also be divided into two groups: (1)the forming affected by regular changes; (2)the forming affected by irregular changes.All in all, Chinese diachronic phonology changes have great effect on the forming of the Modern Chinese homophones, at the same time, non-phonology reasons have some effect on the forming of the Modern Chinese homophones also.The forth chapter is the social and pragmatic analysis of the Modern Chinese homophones. The Modern Chinese homophones are the Modern Chinese character phenomena. With the social and pragmatic effect they can be divided into two parts: (1)The modern public and common Chinese homophonesThe fifth chapter is about the proofs, the methods, the principles and the ways of compiling the Modern Chinese homophones. The materials and the theory are the proofs of the norms of the Modern Chinese homophones. The are two kinds of methods of the norms of the Modern Chinese homophones: (1)to choose a standard syllable or delete a unsuitable syllable of a Modern Chinese homophone;(2)to divige syllable, character, lexical ertry of a Modern Chinese homophone. There are three principles of the norms of the Modern Chinese homophones : (1)the strict or flexiable principle, (2)the state or dymatic principle, (3)the historic or reality principle. The concrect way is that one kind of norms is principle and other kinds of norms are vice to norm the Modern Chinese homophones.更多还原