【作者】 鞠晴江；

【导师】 杜肯堂；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 政治经济学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 论文在对基础设施的基本内涵和理论文献进行阐释的基础上,针对我国基础设施建设中的结构失衡问题,采用规范和实证相结合的方法,研究了基础设施与区域经济发展的内在作用机制,就基础设施对区域增长和减贫、产业结构优化升级以及区域空间开发的影响等进行了分析;并根据城市和农村在产业和空间上的不同特性,对以基础设施促进城镇化健康发展和新农村建设的公共政策进行了探讨。第一,论文从基础设施的特征和属性出发,揭示了基于区域层面进行基础设施研究的重要意义。认为,基础设施不仅涵盖了有形的物质设施和机构,而且涵盖了这些设施和机构所提供的有形或无形的产品或服务。经济学界对基础设施本质特征及其在社会经济发展中作用的共识奠定了这一领域的研究基础,也推动了基础设施理论和实践的快速发展。基础设施及其服务的空间依附性,以及基础设施产业的多样性,使基础设施的发展规律具有明显的区域特性。立足区域层面,探讨基础设施与区域经济发展的内在作用机制具有重大的理论和实践价值。第二,论文梳理了我国20世纪90年代以来的基础设施发展政策,分析了各类基础设施建设成效,对基础设施建设中的结构失衡问题进行了重点研究。认为,不同区域及产业门类的基础设施在建设力度和速度上的显著差异,导致一定程度的两极分化,以致基础设施发展呈现出“空间二元结构”和“产业二元结构”的双重特征。空间结构失衡表现为基础设施在三大地带之间、城市与农村之间以及城市内部不同地域之间的两极化现象;产业结构失衡表现为经济性基础设施和社会性基础设施发展差距拉大。当前,以促进区域协调发展为目标的基础设施建设政策,对解决这一结构性矛盾具有重大意义。第三,论文从经济增长和减缓贫困的内在关系出发,对基础设施影响区域增长和减贫的作用机制进行了理论和实证研究,并借鉴世界银行在基础设施发展战略上的实践经验,认为,经济增长是减缓贫困的必要而非充分条件,基础设施建设是实现基于减贫的经济增长目标的根本保障。基础设施的区域增长效应体现在投资拉动和提供服务所带来的降低生产成本、提高其他要素生产力和影响市场供求上。基础设施投资固然重要,但基础设施服务水平更为关键。基础设施服务具有区域性,只有适应区域发展客观需要、体现区域产业和空间特性的基础设施服务,才能有力推动区域增长和减贫。实证研究表明,四川道路基础设施在经济增长和减缓贫困中发挥了显著作用。第四,论文分析了基础设施与区域产业结构的作用机制,认为基础设施对区域产业结构具有静态和动态效应。基础设施各行业是产业结构的直接组成部分,处于产业链上游,其建设和发展可通过产业关联效应向整个产业链渗透,推动区域产业结构高度化。适应当前产业结构优化升级的要求,运输基础设施应加快建设力度,推动行业整合,构建现代化的区域物流系统;能源基础设施应加快结构调整,优化电力基础设施发展;技术基础设施要适应新兴技术带来的巨大挑战,通过公共政策调整,保障企业顺利获取新兴技术能力,提升企业乃至国家竞争力。第五,论文针对基础设施与区域空间开发及结构的内在关系,对基础设施作用下的区域空间结构进行了理论和实践分析,提出了符合主体功能区定位的基础设施建设思路。认为,基础设施在微观上通过对运输成本、聚集效益和规模经济的作用而影响企业的区位选择,在宏观上引起区域空间差异,形成形态各异的区域空间格局。针对不同主体功能区的发展要求,优化开发区应侧重在现有基础设施规模上提升服务水平,加强协同配套能力,促进产业结构优化升级;重点开发区应充实基础设施,经济性和社会性基础设施建设并重,改善投资环境,发挥集聚经济效益;限制开发区的基础设施建设应侧重于满足特色产业发展和人口有序转移的需要,强调基础设施的社会效益;禁止开发区的基础设施建设要坚持生态原则,着力为当地居民提供基本公共服务。要防止因人类经济活动失当而破坏主体功能区的生态功能。第六,论文从城镇化健康发展的内涵出发,对基础设施在工业化、城乡劳动力流动和城市可持续发展中的作用机制进行了研究,认为:城市基础设施建设滞后,会提高制造业生产成本,阻碍工业化进程,而提高城市基础设施发展水平能促使城市早日达到工业化高收入的均衡状态;发展农村基础设施是提高农民收入水平、缩小城乡收入差距的根本保证,能缓解农村劳动力进入城市的压力,引导城乡劳动力合理流动,实现城乡协调发展;城市基础设施是城市经济、社会和生态可持续发展的决定性因素,引入市场机制、实施管理体制和运行机制创新、构建可持续性城市基础设施是实现城市可持续发展的关键。第七,论文从新农村建设的现实要求出发,对基础设施促进农村经济发展的作用机制进行了理论和实证研究,结果显示,农村基础设施是新农村建设中实现农业增长、农民增收和农村发展的决定性因素。包括四川在内的广大西部地区的农村基础设施发展滞后,亟待改善。中央和地方政府应在西部农村基础设施建设中发挥协同作用,根据区域经济发展实际,发挥财政资金的引导功能,加强农村基础设施战略规划的制定和实施,建立村民参与的运行机制,并进行融资体制创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the analysis of the essence of infrastructure, the theories correlated with infrastructure and the structural disequilibria in the development of infrastructure in China, this paper studies the function mechanisms between infrastructure and regional economic development with positive and normative methods. After the analysis of impacts of infrastructure on regional economic growth and poverty reduction, the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and the regional spatial exploitation, this paper further discusses the public policies of infrastructure in order to promote urbanization actively and soundly and establish Socialist New Villages successfully.Firstly, the paper put forward the important meaning of the study of relationships between infrastructure and regional economic development. Infrastructure includes not only tangible establishments and institutions but also intangible products and services produced by these real components. The consensus of the essence and functions of infrastructure promotes the development of theoretic and practical study in the field. Because there are spatial dependence of infrastructure and its services and diversity of infrastructure industries, it is most important to study the function mechanism of infrastructure and regional economic developmentSecondly, the paper views the infrastructure policies since 1990s and analyzes the achievements and structural disequilibria in infrastructure construction. It is regarded that there are spatial dual structure and industrial dual structure in infrastructure development. The spatial disequilibria include imbalanced development of infrastructure among the Eastern, Central and Western Regions, between urban and rural areas, and between different zones in the city. The industrial disequilibrium is the gap of economic infrastructure and social infrastructure. The infrastructure policies aiming at promoting regional development in harmony are essential to resolve these structural contradictions.Thirdly, the paper studies the impacts of infrastructure on economic growth and poverty reduction and concludes the international experiences of World Bank in infrastructure strategies. The empirical and practical analyses show that the infrastructure construction can ensure the realization of pro-poor growth. The regional growth effects of infrastructure include the increase of derived demand caused by investment, the decrease of production costs, the improvement of productivity of other factors and the changes of market supply and demand caused by infrastructure services. It is important to investment in infrastructure, but it is more important to improve the services provided by infrastructure. Because the services of infrastructure have regional characters, only the services that are suitable for regional development can greatly promote regional growth and poverty reduction.Fourthly, based on the analysis of impacts of infrastructure on regional industrial structure, it is regarded that the infrastructure industries are direct components of industrial structure and their development can penetrate throughout the whole industrial chains by mutual relationships, which promotes regional industrial structure upgrading. According to current macroeconomic policies, the transport infrastructure should speed up construction and integration and establish the modern regional logistic systems. The energy infrastructure should accelerate the structural adjustment and optimize the electronic infrastructure structure. The technological infrastructure should adapt to the emerging technology challenges and provide firms with technological capacity.Fifthly, the paper analyzes the relationships between infrastructure and regional spatial structures and put forward different policies of infrastructure in corresponding Leading Function Zone. In view of microeconomics, the infrastructure has effects on firm’s location choice by affecting the transport costs and economies of scale. In view of macroeconomics, the effects of infrastructure can bring regional spatial differences and form diversified spatial shapes. In the development of Leading Function Zone, the Optimized Development Zone should raise the levels of infrastructure services to optimize its industrial structure. The Selected Point Development Zone should strength the construction of infrastructure to improve local investment environment. The Restricted Development Zone should develop its infrastructure to promote the growth of locally characteristic industries and ensure population migration orderly. The Prohibited Development Zone should focus on providing necessary public services by infrastructure construction.Sixthly, starting from the requests of promoting urbanization actively and soundly, the paper analyzes the effects of infrastructure on industrialization, rural-urban migration and urban sustainable development. It is concluded that poor urban infrastructure will increase production costs and inhibit the development of modern manufacturing sector and industrialization. So it is significant to improve urban infrastructure to realize the high technology and income equilibrium. The development of rural infrastructure can increase rural income level, reduce the income gaps between urban and rural areas and decrease the pressure of migrating to urban areas. The urban infrastructure is the decisive factor in realizing the sustainable development of urban economic, social and ecological systems.Seventhly, the paper studies the effects of infrastructure on rural economic development and concludes that the rural infrastructure is the decisive factor in agricultural growth, income increase and rural development. The underdeveloped regions in the West, such as Sichuan province, are with lagged rural infrastructure, which inhabited the economic and social development greatly. According to the requests of establishing Socialist New Villages, western rural areas should make synthetic public policies of investment, financing, management and operation to promote construction of rural infrastructure greatly.更多还原