【作者】 张慎伟；

【导师】 张其林；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 结构工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着国民经济的蓬勃发展，各类工程建设项目规模日益扩大，重大工程项目包括高耸结构、大跨结构、超高层结构以及一些大型复杂异形结构等日益增多，工程规模的扩大和结构体系的复杂带来了施工过程的复杂性和安全性问题，进而导致施工工序对结构最终的受力状态产生很大的影响。目前，科研人员对大跨及高层结构的施工技术及施工过程中表现出的诸多力学问题越来越重视。钢结构工程的施工过程分析已成为结构工程设计计算的一个重要组成部分，这样才能保证工程从建设到使用的整个生命期内的安全与可靠，同时施工过程计算对于优化施工方案、保证施工过程中结构的安全也是至关重要的。本文采用数值计算方法与现场适时监测手段探讨了结构在施工过程中的力学行为，为保证结构施工过程的安全性提供可靠依据。本文首先总结了大型复杂钢结构的施工方法和施工过程的特点，分析了钢结构施工过程跟踪计算和监测领域的国内外研究现状。基于非线性有限元理论推导了用于施工过程跟踪计算的几何非线性梁杆单元理论和空间结构半刚性连接的一般有限元公式作为本文工作的理论基础；针对工程实际，分析了大型复杂钢结构施工全过程的数值模拟技术，设计了施工过程跟踪计算软件的总体架构，运用ObjectARX技术在AutoCAD平台上完善了施工过程跟踪计算软件的前后处理功能及界面，从而使得施工过程跟踪数值模拟计算更加方便快捷，便于工程设计人员使用。本文根据实际工程需要，基于CEB-FIP混凝土时变模型建立了钢管混凝土组合结构的时变模型理论及有限元计算方法，实现了钢管混凝土组合结构的施工过程跟踪模拟计算，采用振弦应变传感器对同济大学教学科研综合楼进行了高层钢管混凝土组合结构施工过程跟踪监测。实测结果和有限元数值计算结果的对比表明本文的计算方法可以对钢管混凝土组合结构施工过程进行时变分析，准确地计算结构在施工过程中的内力和变形，通过计算分析表明在施工过程中混凝土的收缩和徐变引起的结构变形不容忽视。预张力钢结构的成形过程是钢结构工程领域的重点和难点，本文针对2008年奥运会国家体育馆双向张弦网格结构进行了施工过程的计算分析和施工过程跟踪监测，结果表明本文的计算方法和计算软件可以准确的对大型复杂张拉结构进行施工过程的数值模拟。同时针对中国航海博物馆帆体双曲索网结构的张拉成形进行了缩尺模型试验和数值仿真分析，通过模型试验验证了施工方法的可行性，发现了施工过程中出现的问题并提出了解决方案。计算结果与实测结果的比较说明本文的方法是适用可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the flourishing development of economics in our country, the scale of many types of engineering construction are expanding and the amount of many important projects such as high-rising building, long-span building, super-high rising building and some other large scale and complex structures are increasing. The expanding of construction scale and the complexity of structure system bring out the complexity and safety problem in the construction process, which can result in that the construction procedures have great effect on the final state of structures. Presently, many researchers have attached importance to the mechanics problems confronted in the construction technology and process of long-span and high-rising buildings, Meanwhile the construction process analysis becomes an important component of the design of structure engineering, which can grantee the safety and reliability of project in the whole stage of construction and service process. And the construction process analysis is vital important both for the optimization of construction scheme and for the choice of reasonable construction sequence. The mechanical behavior of structure in the different stage of the whole construction process with the numerical method and spot timely monitoring means was studied in this paper, which provides reliable basis for the safety of the structures in the whole construction process.Firstly, this paper summarized the construction method and the characteristic of the construction process of large scale and complex steel structures, analyzed the research actuality in the field of construction analysis and spot monitoring for steel structures. Based on the nonlinear element theory, this paper provided the geometrical nonlinear beam and truss element as well as the finite element formula of space structures with semi-rigid joint that are suitable for the construction process analysis. According to the reality of the construction of project, this paper analyzed the numerical simulation method for tracing the whole construction of large scale and complex steel structures, designed the integral frame of the software for construction analysis, improved the pre-process and post-process programs using ObjectArx based on AutoCAD, which made the software more convenient and simple for the users.Based on the time-dependent model of reinforced concrete in CEB-FIP, the time-dependent model and finite element method for concrete filled steel tube (CFST) are provided in this paper which can be used for numerical simulation of the construction process of CFST structures. The spot timely monitoring test with vibrating strain gauge is conducted during the construction of Tongji teaching and researching building, the comparison of the test results and the numerical simulation results demonstrated that the method in this paper can precisely simulate the time-dependent inner force and deformation during the construction process of high-rising buildings, and the numerical simulation results showed that the deformation of the structure resulted from the shrinkage and creep of concrete during construction can not be ignored in the design.The prestress construction process of pre-tensioned steel structures is the emphasis and difficult issue in the steel structure engineering, knowing about the mechanical behavior of the structures for the different construction method and different construction stage using numerical simulation method can provide theoretical instruction both for the optimization of construction scheme and for the choice of reasonable construction sequence. The spot timely monitoring test is conducted during the construction of National Gymnasium of 2008 Olympics to study the construction mechanics of Bidirectional cable-stayed truss structures, the comparison of the test results and the numerical simulation results demonstrated that the method in this paper can precisely simulate the time-dependent inner force and deformation during the construction process of slipping and tension. Meanwhile, a reduced scale model test of hyperboloid cable net was conducted for the construction of Chinese Navigation Museum to prove the feasibility of the construction method for the cable net. According to the model test, some problems were found during the test and corresponding solving schemes were put forward in this paper. Finally the test results and the numerical results showed that the method in this paper was also suitable for the construction analysis of this type of structures.更多还原