节点文献

货币危机:内外失衡、汇率失调与国际货币体系

Study on Currency Crisis: The Economy Imbalance、the Exchange Rate Misalignment and the Current International Monetary System

【作者】 刘伟

【导师】 方兴起;

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 , 政治经济学, 2007, 博士

【摘要】 布雷顿森林体系瓦解以来,货币危机频频爆发,而且波及的范围越来越广,对世界经济所造成的影响也越来越大。以当前国际货币体系为背景,去研究货币危机及其防范具有很重要的意义。在当前的国际货币体系下,国际货币体系因素作为外部因素,在时间上起到了加速或者延缓货币危机的爆发的作用;汇率严重地偏离均衡汇率而大幅度波动,成为货币危机爆发的主要原因;一国内外失衡则是造成汇率失调进而导致货币危机爆发的根本原因。本文研究的主要目标就是以当前国际货币体系为背景,利用均衡汇率理论作为桥梁,深入地探讨一国内外均衡、汇率失调与货币危机的关系以及货币危机防范。在当前国际货币体系条件下,准确而全面的定义货币危机对理解和防范货币危机具有很重要的意义。本文在综合前人理论成果的基础上,认为货币危机是在当前国际货币体系下,由于一国内外经济失衡导致的本国汇率大幅偏离均衡汇率以至于出现本币过度高估或低估后,汇率向均衡汇率迅速而大幅度回归,或引起外汇储备及利率急剧升降的货币现象。汇率的严重失调是造成货币危机的主要原因,一国内外经济失衡则是造成货币危机的根本原因。国际货币体系作为国际环境,对货币危机的爆发有着重要的作用。本文通过比较历次国际货币体系与货币危机的关系,利用凯恩斯管理货币理论,结合当前国际货币体系特点,认为当前国际货币体系是失衡的,这种失衡主要表现在美国贸易持续逆差而造成的世界贸易体系失衡以及凭借美元的特殊地位,在美国与其他国家形成的中心—外围国家权力和义务的失衡。这种失衡为货币危机的爆发提供了国际环境。因此,国际货币体系必须要进行改革。在当前国际货币体系条件下,利用均衡汇率理论来测度一国实际汇率是否偏离均衡汇率(即该国货币是否失调),并将此作为判断货币危机是否爆发的原因,是一个比较新的课题。本文利用当前比较流行的行为均衡汇率理论(BEER)以及Edwards的发展中国家均衡汇率理论,对意大利、墨西哥、泰国以及日本等国的货币进行实证,结果表明这些国家的货币在危机爆发前都存着失调问题。汇率失调只是造成货币危机的主要原因,一国内外经济失衡则是造成货币危机的根本原因。本文通过一个发展中国家在开放经济条件下的内外均衡调整模型和蛛网理论来揭示内外均衡与货币危机之间的关系。结果表明,在开放条件下,货币危机的爆发要视一国实际汇率对经常项目收支的改善情况、财富效应与价格效应的强弱等因素的综合影响。从国际货币体系、内外失衡以及汇率失调三个方面考虑货币危机,相应的对于货币危机的防范也必须从这三个方面入手。防范货币危机首先必须要加快对当前国际货币体系的改革,同时调整本国经济的内外失衡。但是在当前国际货币体系改革步履维艰的情况下,防范货币危机一方面是对国内外经济失衡的调整,另一方面谨慎地开放本国资本市场,以尽可能地防止本国经济受到外部因素的严重冲击。在当前国际货币体系条件下,中国距离货币危机有多远呢?本文利用上述理论对中国经济的内外失衡、汇率失调与货币危机的关系进行探讨,并在此基础上并就中国如何防范货币危机提出了建议和意见。

【Abstract】 Since the Broodwood system collapsed, Currency crises occur frequently and widely,they affect global economy badly. Therefore it is significant to study currency crisis under thecurrent international monetary system. The exchange rate deviates from the equilibriumexchange rate badly and fluctuates widely, which is the main cause of currency crisis.However the fundamental cause is the economy imbalance. The object of the paper is toanalyze the relationship of economy balance and currency crisis and defend the currencycrisis by the theory of equilibrium exchange rate and economy balance theory under thecurrent international monetary system.It is significant to define the currency crisis accurately under the current internationalmonetary system. Based on previous theory, the paper thinks currency crisis is currencyphenomenon which is induced by the exchange rate deviating from the equilibrium exchangerate badly and fluctuating widely. Exchange rate’s misalignment is the main cause of currencycrisis.As the international circumstance, the international monetary system is an importantfactor to currency crisis. Comparing the relation of the international monetary system andcurrency crisis in every stage and taking advantage of the theory of Kenney theory, the paperthinks the current international monetary system is lopsided, which represents the global tradesystem imbalance and the imbalance of right and obligation among central-peripheral nations.Therefore the international monetary system must be reformed.It is a new problem to estimate whether the actual exchange rate misaligns or not by theequilibrium exchange rate theory which led to the currency crisis under the currencyinternational monetary system. By analyzing the lira, Mexico piaster, baht and Japanese yen, the paper thinks all the currencies existed misalignment before the currency crises happened.Exchange rate misalignment is the main cause of currency crisis. The fundamental causeis the economy imbalance. The paper analyzes the relation between the economy balance andcurrency crisis by economy balance theory and cobweb theory under the open economy.Result shows currency crisis is decided by the integrated affect among the amelioration of theactual exchange rate to currency item, the wealth effect and the price effect.In order to defend currency crisis, the international monetary system must be reformed.Meanwhile, the economy imbalance should be adjusted. But under the current internationalmonetary system, in order to defend the national economy against foreign impact, as fasteningto adjust the economy imbalance, opening the capital market should be carried on discreetly.Under the current international monetary system, this paper analyses the relationshipbetween the economy and currency crisis in China. Meanwhile, in order to defend thecurrency crisis happening in China, this paper raises a series of advice and measures.

节点文献中: 

本文链接的文献网络图示:

本文的引文网络