【作者】 商华；

【导师】 武春友；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着全球工业化进程的加快，各类工业园区不断涌现。工业园建设在给人类带来物质产品极大丰富和社会经济高速发展的同时，也加剧了全球性生态环境的不断恶化和不可再生资源的迅速耗竭。工业园生态化转型不仅可以解决人与自然强烈冲突的关键问题，而且是实现社会可持续发展的根本途径之一。我国目前还没有完全转变粗放型经济增长方式，资源约束日益凸现，在产业层面发展循环经济、提高资源使用效率已成为“十一五”期间我国经济实现可持续发展不可回避的战略性课题。实现工业园区向国际流行的生态工业园区的演化，是我国工业园区发展的主要方向。为了规范工业园生态化建设，评估园区建设和改造进程，需要根据不同工业园区的特点，运用科学的评价方法进行综合评价。本文以工业园生态化建设为研究背景，以生态效率为主线，探讨工业园生态效率的内涵，提出了工业园生态效率的定量化测度模型，建立了基于生态效率测度的工业园区生态化评价指标体系和综合评价模型。首先，本论文对现有相关文献进行了系统归纳和综合评析，指出现有理论体系和研究方法上的局限。国内外与生态效率有关的理论大多只涉及企业，研究大多停留在企业内部和工艺流程层面上，且集中在对生态效率的概念认识和一般分析。针对现有研究视角单一、概念界定不清晰的问题，作为理论研究的起点，论文首先界定了工业园生态效率的内涵，把生态效率理论延伸到中观层面(工业园)，通过分析生态效率与物质减量、经济增长、环境负荷以及环境库兹涅茨曲线的关系，研究了生态效率在实现工业园经济增长和物质减量化双赢目标实现中的桥梁作用，提出生态效率描述生态经济系统的经济、环境二维特性，是描述和评价工业园生态化水平的合适测度。作为可持续发展的表征，提高生态效率既是一种实施工业园生态转型的战略，又是一种测量这种战略进展的方法体系，也是工业园生态化建设的目标。把生态效率理论与工业园生态化建设实践相结合，在理论体系上扩展了生态效率的研究领域，并为工业园生态效率指标的测度和生态化的评价方法提供了理论基础。其次，针对生态效率难以科学量化的问题，依据系统论的思想，本论文整合了能值分析和物质流分析两种理论和方法，根据生态效率的经济、环境二维特征，构建了生态效率的能值—物质流分析方法。将能值分析中表示系统总财富的总能值产出进行改进，提出总有效能值产出指标，并以总有效能值产出的能值—货币价值取代传统的GDP／GNP作为本研究表示系统经济产出的价值量度量指标，以物质流核算中直接物质排放量为资源消耗实物量指标，改进了传统生态效率模型，建立了基于能值—物质流分析的工业园生态效率定量化评价方法。本研究提出的整合思想主要包括指标整合和方法整合，从能值—货币价值观和重量观相结合的二维角度，对工业园的生态效率进行测度，得到一系列描述工业园复合生态经济系统的特征指标和衍生指标，并进一步通过研究工业园生态化进程中物质脱钩和复钩现象，提升工业园生态效率的内涵。生态效率指标是一种相对的指标，需要同其他指标一起来衡量自然资源使用与经济发展的关系。针对这一特点，本文构建了基于生态效率测算的工业园生态化评价指标体系及模型，对工业园生态化水平进行综合评价。在分析构建了工业园生态化发展函数的基础上，依据“压力—状态—响应”(PSR)模型，提出了工业园PSR指标体系框架；以此框架为系统层，以发展函数中的变量为目标层，利用德尔菲法选定指标并确定权重，从而构建了工业园生态化评价指标体系。该指标体系综合了能值分析、物质流分析、生态效率测算的和生态管理绩效等定量化指标，突出了工业园生态经济系统的整体性和统一性，描述了系统的总量及各种资源的生态效率。基于生态效率测度方法，运用灰色聚类分析构建评价模型，进行工业园生态化的综合评价，并借鉴“可持续发展晴雨表”，以可视化图形描述园区的生态化建设综合水平。最后，作为论文的实证研究部分，本文进行了大连经济技术开发区(DDZ)生态效率的测度及生态化水平的综合评价。以DDZ的能值分析和物质流分析为依据，通过各项指标的分析表明，DDZ环境负荷较高，生态效率较低，可持续发展能力相对较弱，园区生态化建设处于初级生态化水平。从长远利益和宏观角度出发，DDZ应继续深化工业园生态化项目建设，构建生态产业链和工业共生网络，进行总量控制，优化配置资源，提高园区的生态效率，从而实现可持续发展。最后，在分析了DDZ生态化发展的驱动力因素和发展环境基础上，本文提出提高DDZ生态效率的对策和建议。本文运用生态效率理论研究了生态工业发展定量化评价的热点问题，系统分析了工业园的生态效率测度及工业园生态化评价方法，为我国工业园的生态设计和决策分析提供了新的理论依据和评价方法，并为现有工业园的生态化转型提供分析工具和理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of industrialization, many kinds of industrial parks emerge continually. Industrial parks, however, exacerbate the global eco-environment and deplete speedily the un-renewal resources when they provide rich products and improve the economic rapid development to the human society. Hence, the eco-development of industrial parks not only resolves the key problem of the conflict between human beings and the nature, but also realizes the radical problem of social sustainable development. Currently, the patterns of course economic increase haven’t been transformed completely in China, which brings the results that the impact of resources restriction on economic development stands out. Implementing circular economy and improving the efficiency of utilizing resources in industries have become an inevitable strategy task to realize sustainable development during the period of "The eleven-five". The main development direction for Chinese industries is to realize the evolvement from industrial parks to eco-industrial parks. To standardize the ecological construction of industrial parks and to evaluate the processes of the constructions and reconstructions, we need to use scientific evaluation methods to evaluate synthetically after analyzing the traits of industrial parks.Based on the background of eco-development of industrial parks and the core of Eco-efficiency, the main contents of Eco-efficiency of industrial parks are discussed, a method and a model to quantitatively scale Eco-efficiency of industrial parks are put forward, and an evaluation indicator system and a method based on the Eco-efficiency scaling are also establish in this dissertation.Firstly, most of the theories Eco-efficiency related in land and abroad deal only with corporations, and most of researches keep inside corporations or the lays of processes and manufacture flow. They focus on the understanding and analysis on Eco-efficiency concept. Aiming at the existing problems of the singleness in research visual angle and of unclear conception, the author systematically sums up and analyzes the relative literatures, and points out the localizations of the existing system info and research methods in this dissertation. As the start of the theoretical research, the contents of Eco-efficiency of industrial parks are defined, and expanded to middle-lay (industrial parks), that educes the concept of industrial park’s Eco-efficiency. Based on the analysis on the relationship between Eco-efficiency and material reduction, economic increase, environmental burthen and Environmental Kuznets Curve, the bridge function of Eco-efficiency in realizing the goals of economic increase and material reduction in industrial parks is researched, and the economical and environmental two-dimension characteristic of a eco-system is described by Eco-efficiency. Eco-efficiency is not only the rational scale of industrial parks, but also the standards of scaling eco-development of industrial parks. As the token of continual development, improving Eco-efficiency is a strategy to transform industrial parks, further more, a method to scale the process of the strategy, and also a goal of ecological construction of industrial parks. The combination of Eco-efficiency theory with the ecological construction of industrial parks expands the research boundary of Eco-efficiency from the point of theoretical system, and also offers a theoretical basis for scaling indicators and ecological evaluation method.Secondly, in order to resolve the difficulty of scientifically quantifying Eco-efficiency, this dissertation, based on the systemic theory and the economical and environmental two-dimension characteristic of Eco-efficiency, constructs a method named Emergy-Material Flow Analysis by means of combining the methods of emergy analysis and material flow analysis. The traditional GDP/GNP is taken placed by Enmy (unit Em$) to measure the gross value of the whole out-put of the system, and DMI is taken as the measuring indicator of the consumption of material resource. By amending the traditional model of EE, the quantitative evaluation method and model of EIPs is set up based on Emergy-Material Flow Analysis.The combination ideal put forward by this research includes indicator combination and method combination. The core is to scale Eco-efficiency of industrial parks from the point of two-dimension view of the combination of energy value-currency value with weight view, and to construct relationship model. After confirming characteristic indicators and derivative indicators describing compound ecological and economic system of industrial parks, this dissertation deepens and improves the contents of Eco-efficiency of industrial parks by means of researching the phenomenon of De-link and Re-link during the process of eco-development of industrial parks.Eco-efficiency indicators are relative ones, which means that other indicators must be involved in scaling the relationship between utilizing nature resources and developing economy. To synthetically evaluate the eco-development level of industrial parks, an evaluation indicator system and an evaluation method system were constructed in this dissertation based on Eco-efficiency. After analyzing and constructing the industrial park eco-development function, this research establishes a PSR indicator system framework about industrial parks by borrowing "pressure-state-response" model. With this framework as the system level, the variables in the development function as the target level, the indicators were selected and their contributions were also confirmed by the method of Delphi in the dissertation. This indicator system integrates some quantitative indicators as emergy analysis and material flow analysis, Eco-efficiency measurement, eco-management performance, stands out the wholeness and oneness, describes the system capacity and each resource’s Eco-efficiency. The method of Grey cluster’s analysis model is used to synthetically appraise the eco-development of industrial parks, the result of which can be used to synthetically analyze eco-development of industrial parks according to "the rain glass of sustainable development".Finally, this dissertation collects Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone (DDZ) as the empirical study to scale its Eco-efficiency and synthetically evaluate its ecological level. With the energy analysis and material flow analysis in DDZ as the research contents, the results of analyzing all indicators show that the environmental burthen in DDZ is relative high, Eco-efficiency relative low, the ability of sustainable development relative weak, and the ecological level elementary. Hence, DDZ needs to deepen the ecological project constructions, to build eco-industrial chains and industrial symbiosis network, to control the gross, and to optimize the resource configuration from the point of long term benefit and macroscopical view, which is helpful to improve its Eco-efficiency, and finally to realize sustainable development in DDZ. This research also puts forward suggestions on how to improve DDZ’s Eco-efficiency after analyzing the factors and environments driving DDZ ecological development.Investigations were taken in this dissertation on quantitatively evaluating eco-industrial development by using the theory of Eco-efficiency, and the Eco-efficiency and its evaluation method of industrial parks were also analyzed, which provides a theoretical basis and an evaluation method for the eco-design and decision analysis of industrial parks, and also offers an analysis tool and a theoretical support for the eco-development transformation of existing industrial parks.更多还原