【作者】 王国豫；

【导师】 刘则渊； C. Hubig；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 尽管围绕技术伦理的讨论已有将近30年的历史，然而迄今为止，对技术伦理学作为一门学科，它的存在的可能性及其可能性条件，包括思想史的、理论的和现实的条件，并未做过系统的反思和审视，以至于在技术伦理学的定位上还存在很多误区，致使讨论难以深入、技术伦理学屡遭质疑。因此，考察和论证技术伦理学建构的可能性及条件，梳理和分析国外建构的技术伦理学理论的优缺点，成为进一步深入开展技术伦理学研究，建构基于中国文化的技术伦理学的必要组成部分。文章从对技术概念的考察入手。通过对技术辞源和语用的辨析，指出技术概念包含了物质技术、认知技术和社会技术三层含义。在追溯了从古希腊、中世纪、近代、到德国古典哲学家的技术思想发展的脉络以后，论述了技术哲学诞生以后，自卡普开始的人类学技术哲学和文化技术哲学的思想，进一步确立了技术是中介(C.Hubig)、技术是文化和技术的目的是和谐的思想。说明了建构技术伦理学的思想史基础已经具备。在此基础上，回顾了和分析了德国、美国和中国技术伦理学兴起的历史背景，说明建构技术伦理学的历史现实条件也已成熟。随之，文章又通过反思技术伦理学建构的目的、研究的对象、受众、它与一般伦理学的关系、技术与自由，技术伦理学与技术评估的关系，从技术伦理学的内在结构和外在结构两个方面的辨析中为技术伦理学寻找合适的位置。说明建构技术伦理学的理论条件也已成熟。西方技术伦理学植根于西方哲学和伦理学传统。他们从不同理论原则出发，构建了不同的技术伦理学理论模型，对技术伦理学的基本理论和概念作了深刻的探索。这些研究对于我们将技术伦理问题的讨论引向深入具有重大的学术启迪。而他们的缺点也证明了任何一种伦理学的建构都受到一定文化的制约，任何普世伦理学都是基于一定文化背景的普世伦理学。在这样的背景下，通过分析价值和风险概念的本质，反思和谐的一寓于多的本质，及其系统性、认知性、再生性和评价性功能特征，提出和谐作为一种系统方法，本身即是一门技术，它与技术的目的是和谐、伦理的境界是和谐共同构成了和谐-技术-伦理的内在关联。因此完全可以建构一个融规范与德性、原则与方法于一体的基于和谐的技术伦理学。作者勾画了和谐技术伦理学的草图，认为这样一个伦理学应该是以和谐为目的原则、公正为体制原则、实践智慧为战略原则、可持续发展为评价原则的伦理大厦。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although discussions on the Ethics of Technology have been around for thirty years, thepossibility and conditions of the possibilty for the construction of the Ethics of Technology todate have not been systematically contemplated and reflected. This condition of thepossibility includes the genesis and the development of the Philosophy of Technology, therelationship between technology and value, the theoretical and realistic background of birth ofthe Ethics of Technology, and the structure of this theory. As a result, there are still manymisconceptions on defining the Ethics of Technology. This makes it hard to carry outthorough discussions. This is also why the Ethics of Technology often encounters questionsand skepticism. Therefore, discussion and investigation on the possibility of constructing theEthics of Technology and its conditions is necessary and urgent. To sort out and analyze theadvantages and disadvantages of the theories on the Ethics of Technology of foreign countriescan promote our study on the Ethics of Technology. It will become beneficial to construct theEthics of Technology based on Chinese culture.The thesis starts with studying the concept of technology. Through the analyses of theorigin of the word technology and its uses in speech, technology carries deeper meaning,which includes: real, cognitive and social technology. After tracing the development of thethoughts on technology from ancient Greek, Medieval age, Modern age, to German classicalphilosophers, the Philosophy of the Technology following its birth, especially theanthropological philosophy of technology from Kapp, Gehlen, Plessner, and the concept oftechnology from Heidegger and Dessauer’s is pursued. It illustrates that the technology is amedium, a part of culture, and that the goal of the technology is to realize harmony. It showsthat we have already had the history of thoughts as base for constructing the Ethics ofTechnology. It also demonstrates that the social historical conditions have also matured forconstructing the Ethics of Technology by further reviewing and analyzing the historicalbackground of the rise of the Ethics of Technology in Germany, USA and China. Furthermore,the article discusses about the right position for the Ethics of Technology via analyses of therelationships of many theories through introspecting some basic questions. These questionsinclude the aim of the theory constructing, research objects and addresses as well as itsrelationship with the general ethics, as relationship between the technology and the freedom,and that between the Ethics of Technology and the technology evaluation. All these suggestthat the theoretical basis is also ready to construct the Ethics of Technology. The Ethics of Technology studies originated from western. Its concepts and researchmethods are closely related to the western philosophy, ethics and the philosophy oftechnology. By choosing the main schools of the western Ethics of Technology based ondeontology, negative utilitarism, diskurs ethics and prudence (or practical wisdom), the thesisanalyzes and comparcs their models with the present ones from the point of view of thepurposes, instrumentality, advantages and imperfection. This will deepen our knowledge onthe theory of the Ethics of Technology. These studies have profound academic enlightenmentfor us to carry out deeper and thorough discussions on the Ethics of Technology. On the otherhand, their disadvantages suggest that there is a certain limitation which the culture exerts onthe constructing of any ethics. In another word the ethics is always based on the culture whereit is constructed. Under such circumstances, through the analysis of the essence of the valueand thc risk, reflexive on the intrinsic quality of "unity in multitude" of harmony and itsmethodological functions, for example, systemacity, cognitivity, regenerability andevaluatabilty, it is proposed that harmony itself is a method, also a systematically technology,and the harmony and technology relates to the Ethics of Technology intrinsically. Therefore itis feasible to construct an Ethics of Technology based on harmony which combines rules andmorals, principles and methods. At the end of this thesis, a sketch of harmonious Ethics ofTechnology is given. The author brings forward that such an Ethics of Technology shouldtake harmony as its aim principle, justice as the system principle, practical wisdom as themethodological principle, sustainable development as the evaluating principle.更多还原