【作者】 张玉池；

【导师】 温佩琳； 张兆京；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 边坡失稳(滑坡)是自然灾害的一个主要类型，已成为研究的热点。目前，地球物理方法主要是用于探测边坡失稳的滑动面或结构面。本论文以新的边坡失稳地球物理模型为基础，研究边坡失稳地球物理场特征以及应用，使该方法不仅能探测边坡失稳的滑动面或结构面，而且还能评价边坡的稳定性，对边坡失稳进行预测预报。这一研究具有科学指导减灾防灾的理论和实际意义。通过消化吸收前人关于边坡工程地质特性的研究成果，系统研究了边坡主要物理性质及其主要影响因素。在分析前人有关边坡失稳的地球物理模型的研究基础上，探讨了边坡从稳定→蠕变→失稳的演化过程，进而提出了新的边坡失稳的地球物理模型。以电阻率为参数，以边坡对电阻率影响规律为基础，利用边界积分方程法对土类、土-岩类、岩石类边坡失稳地球物理模型的视电阻率进行了系统数值计算，并系统研究了三类边坡失稳的电阻率响应特征，揭示了边坡从稳定→失稳演化过程的电阻率变化规律，从而实现了边坡失稳的电阻率响应特征的提取。这些特征信息的获得为利用电法勘探方法(如高密度电法等)探测边坡失稳的滑动面或结构面位置以及预测边坡失稳提供了依据，同时为边坡失稳进行实时观测，预报边坡失稳提供了理论支撑。论文以横波速度为参数，以波动方程为基础，推导了瑞利面波频散曲线的快速标量传递算法的计算公式。快速标量传递算法的基本思路是将矩阵运算转化为标量运算。从而大大的提高了瑞利面波频散曲线的计算速度。利用这一快速算法进行模拟计算，研究了边坡中软弱层速度、厚度以及上层和下层速度对瑞利面波基阶模频散曲线的影响，为研究边坡失稳的瑞利面波频散特性奠定了基础。系统计算了土类、岩-土类、岩石类边坡失稳的地球物理模型瑞利面波基阶模的相速度、波数，系统研究了三类边坡失稳的瑞利面波基阶模频散特征，总结了边坡从稳定→失稳演化过程的瑞利面波基阶模频散特征变化规律，从而可以提取边坡失稳的瑞利面波基阶模相速度、波数、频散曲线等特征标志，使瑞利面波法不仅能用于探测边坡失稳的滑动面或结构面，而且还能评价边坡的稳定性，对边坡失稳进行综合预测预报。通过理论分析与数值计算，分析了管波的影响因素，探讨了砂岩、灰岩、泥灰岩、粘土的管波响应特征，并通过钻孔中的模拟试验，总结了砂岩、灰岩、泥灰岩、粘土的管波特征，提取了软弱夹层的管波特征信息。据此，首次提出了用管波探测边坡失稳的软弱夹层的新方法。通过单一方法和综合方法的实际应用，取得了较好地质效果，验证了理论的正确性和方法的有效性，并取得了明显的经济效益和社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of slope failure, which is one of the main types of naturaldisasters, has become a hot topic. Now geophysical method is mainly used forthe detection of slip plane or structural plane. Based on a new geophysicalmodel related to slope failure, the paper is devoted to geophysical fieldcharacteristic of slope failure and its application for the goal to extend itsapplication field from detecting in slip plane or structural plane of slope failureto evaluating and forecasting in stability of slope failure mass. This research hastheoretical and practical significance on scientific guidance of preventingdisaster.Referring to predecessors’ research results of slope engineering geologicalcharacteristic, the main physical properties and influence factors of slope werestudied. According to previous geophysical model, the evolution process ofgeophysical model about the slope from steady to deformation and to unsteadywas discussed, and new geophysical model of slope failure was proposed.Using resistivity as index and referring to the law about effecting of slopeto resistivity, the apparent resistivities of geophysical model concerned withunsteady soil, soil-rock and rock type slope failure have been calculatedsystematically by using the boundary integral equation method. After studyingto the feature of resistivity response of three types slope failure, the variety ofresistivity during evolution of slope from steady to unsteady was found and the characteristic marks of resistivity response about slope failure was concluded.These lead electrical exploring method (such as the distributed multi-electroderesistivity imaging method) for detecting the slip plane or structural plane ofslope failure, evaluating the stability of the slope, and forecasting slope failure tobecome true.The formula of fast scalar quantity transfer arithmetic of theRayleigh-wave dispersion curve has been calculated in the paper by the use oftransverse wave velocity and wave equation. The rationale of the fast scalarquantity transfer arithmetic is converting the matrix operation into scalarquantity operation, which can improve greatly the count velocity of theRayleigh-wave dispersion curve. The imitative calculation has been carried outin order to study the velocity and thickness of flabby stratum in slope and theinfluence of up-down straturh’s velocity to the Rayleigh-wave dispersion curve.These are establishment for studying the feature of Rayleigh-wave dispersion ofslope failure.The velocity and quantity of waves of primary phase Rayleigh-wave ofsoil, soil and rock, rock type slopes to slip have been calculated systematically.The feature of Rayleigh-wave primary frequency dispersion of three type slopesand the evolution law of Rayleigh-wave frequency dispersion of slope fromsteady state to unsteady state have also been concluded. Then, the phase velocity,wave number and frequency dispersion curve feature of Rayleigh-wave in theprocess of slope to slip were extracted. All these lead the method of Rayleigh-wave not only be used to detect the slip plane or structural plane ofunsteady slope, but also to evaluate slope’s stability and to forecast the situationof slope to slip.The influence factors of tube wave were analyzed by theoretical analysisand numerical computation, and the responses of tuber wave to sandstone,limestone, marl, and clay were studied. After simulative test in drill hole, thetube wave characteristics of sandstone, limestone, marl, and clay wereresearched, and the tube wave characteristics of a weak interstitial lay wasconcluded. The detection method by tube wave to weak interstitial lay inunsteady slope was first proposed.The good geologic result, validity of the theory and effect of the methodwere justified by practical application of single and synthetic methods, andremarkable social and economic benefits were achieved.更多还原