【作者】 刘希佳；

【导师】 刘建国；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 2l世纪是中国经济进一步改革和发展的世纪。市场经济体制的完善、对外开放程度的提高、群众体育文化娱乐需求的增长为新世纪中国体育的发展奠定了坚实的基础。同时,北京举办2008年奥运会也推动了中国高水平体育赛事组织活动的社会化、市场化进程。遵循市场规律举办高水平体育赛事已经成为必然。然而在市场环境中,必然会遇到利益、风险、投入、产出、责任、权利等问题。这些问题并没有被很好的解决。在我国,高水平体育赛事组织“管办不分”、“产权不清晰”的现象引起了激烈的争论和广泛的社会关注。组织内部成员之间的矛盾也愈来愈烈。结构不稳定,赛事合作伙伴、赞助商、供应商和电视转播商的合作关系难以维系。基于上述,笔者选择了高水平单项体育赛事组织结构这一主题进行了研究,试图按照不同赛事的自身特点,在政府作用与市场作用的博弈理论框架下,构建我国高水平单项体育赛事的组织结构模式并剖析其合理化归类的内在本质和运行规律。显然,这一选题有着重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文研究内容包括六个部分。第一,对高水平单项体育赛事的市场化进程和组织理论进行了回顾。指出我国高水平单项体育赛事市场化的历史成因和现存问题,众多学者对高水平体育赛事组织改革所持的“改良”和“革新”两种不同的学术观点。由此引申出对我国高水平单项体育赛事组织结构问题的研究。第二,高水平单项体育赛事组织结构理论研究。探讨了现阶段我国高水平体育赛事组织各利益主体之间的关系,政府经济行为和市场的关系,赛事资源占有主体与市场的关系,进而明确了政府在高水平单项体育赛事中的职能定位问题。通过对政府授权体育赛事组织在市场化运作的高水平单项体育赛事中表现出来的企业特征分析,对赛事的管办分离问题进行了探讨。在综合理论研究的基础上,构建了我国高水平单项体育赛事的“联合分权”组织结构模式,提出了该模式下政府型、混合型和市场型三种不同组织结构类型。第三,高水平单项体育赛事组织结构的实证分析。对我国高水平单项体育赛事组织结构的发展历程进行了回顾,探讨了转型期前后单一政府体育赛事组织结构的贡献和不适。指出由于政府体育组织结构改革的不彻底引起的种种问题,使现有多元组织结构比较混乱,真正多元化的高水平体育赛事组织结构体系尚未形成,各种组织结构类型的适应领域也比较模糊。进而通过现有组织结构下高水平单项体育赛事组织目标的绩效和影响赛事市场的组织结构诸因素进行了分析,对我国高水平单项体育赛事做了合理的组织结构归类判断。第四,对英美国家体育组织结构状况进行了评述,提出了对我国的启示。第五,通过对2004-2005赛季CBA联赛和2005年北京国际马拉松赛组织的案例分析,提出了对我国市场型和混合型组织结构模式的启示。第六,在上述研究的基础上,进一步对从系统论角度对“合理化”进行了阐释,展开了组织结构合理化的方向和路径探讨,给出了相应的对策建议。本文的主要创新点如下:第一,研究视角和思路的独特性。笔者从经济学和系统论的视角对我国高水平单项体育赛事进行了组织结构的理论和实践研究。在思路上紧紧把握“组织结构”这一研究主题,从“构建结构”到“应用结构”,再到“规范结构”逐层展开,深入研究。第二,研究内容的独创性。(1)对政府授权体育组织的管办分离做了大胆推断,提出了运动管理中心经营开发部担当政府职能向企业职能转换的“分离点”的观点。(2)构建了我国高水平单项体育赛事“联合分权”组织结构模式,明晰了该模式下的政府型、混合型和市场型三种组织结构类型。(3)对我国高水平单项体育赛事做了组织结构归类判断。(4)提出了我国高水平单项体育赛事组织结构的合理化路径选择和政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 21st century is a time when the Chinese economy explores further reform and development. The completion in the market economy system, the enhancement in the Open-up level and the increasing demands in the masses’sports and culture entertainment lay the solid foundation for china’s sports development in the new century.Meanwhile, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games also propels the social and marketizational process of the organization of china’s high-level sports events forward. It is inexorable trend for the high level sports event to follow the market law. However, in the market, this kind of organization will inevitably come across a series of problems such as profits, risk, input, output, responsibility and right, which have not been successfully resolved.In our country, some problems in the organization of high level sports events such as“the indiscriminate management and operation”,“the unclear property right”have aroused heated debate and widespread social concern. Inside the organization, the contradiction among the members becomes increasingly severe. The unstable structure makes the cooperative relationship between the sports partner, the sponsor, the supplier and the TV-relayer hard to maintain.So based on the above situation, the author chooses the organization structure of the high level individual sports events as the research theme. The author tries to build the organization structure model of the high-level individual sports events in our country and analyses the essence and rules of the rational classification based on the sports’respective characteristics and the game theory between the government function and the market function framework. We hold that the subject has important theoretical and practical meanings.This dissertation includes six parts. First, it is a literature review on the marketization process and organizational theory of the high-level individual sports events. The current literature points out the historical reasons and existing problems in the marketization process and the two different academic viewpoints, reform and innovation, held by the scholars. Second, it is a theoretical research on the organization structure. The author investigates the relationships between the different interest subjects, between the government economic behavior and the market, between the procession holder of the events source and the market in the sports events organization. And then the author makes it clear the government’s function in the sports events organization. This dissertation investigates the separation of management and operation based on the analysis of the enterprises characteristics of the government-authorized sports events organization in the marketization of the high-level individual sports events. In the dissertation, the author also establishes an organization structure model of joint decentralization and puts forward three structure types under the model: the governmental type, the mixed type and the marketing type. Third, it is the empirical analysis on the organization structure. The author makes a review on the development process of the organization structure of the high-level individual sports events and investigates the advantages and disadvantages of the single-governmental organization structure before and after the transformational period. The author holds that the problems caused by the unthoroughness in the governmental sports events reform make the current diversified organization structure in chaos, while the true diversified structure has not been formed and the adaptive fields of the different organization types are not definite enough. Then through the analysis on the performance of the goal of the high-level individual sports events under the existing organization structure and the factors that influence the sports events market, the author makes a rational classification on the organization structure for the high-level individual sports events. Fourth, it is a commentary on the situation of the organization structure in British and America, then the enlightenment. Fifth, from the sample analysis of the CBA league in the 2004-2005 seasons and the 2005 Beijing international Marathon Game, the author puts forward the detailed proposals on the sports events organization structure of the market-oriented type and the mixed-oriented type. Sixth, the author further interprets the rationality from the angle of the system theory, discusses the rational direction and way and presents the advice.The main contributions of this dissertation are as follows: First, it is uniqueness of research and thinking perspectives. The author makes a theoretical and practical research on the organization structure of the high level individual sports events from the angles of economics and system theory. He grasps the subject of organization structure, transits from construction to application to specification. Second, it is the originality of research content. (1) The author makes a bold conclusion on the separation of management and operation in the government-authorized sports organization, and raises a viewpoint that the operation department in the sports management center should undertake the point from which the government function converts to the enterprise function. (2) In this dissertation, the author establishes an organization structure model of joint decentralization and the three structure types under this model: the governmental type, the mixed type and the marketing type. (3) The author makes a rational classification on the organization structure of the high-level individual sports events in our country. (4) The author proposes the rational path and policy for the organization structure of the high-level individual sports events in China.更多还原