【作者】 岳书铭；

【导师】 杨学成；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 农村公共品供求失衡问题是“三农”问题的焦点,从制度安排视角寻求实现农村公共品供求均衡的有效路径,对于贯彻统筹城乡发展战略,保证整个社会经济的持续稳定发展,不仅具有重要的理论价值,而且具有重要的现实意义。本文在内容上分为六个部分,第一部分:从农村公共品供求关系的视角,对20世纪90年代以来尤其是农村税费制度改以来学术界关于农村公共品问题已有研究成果进行归纳梳理;第二部分:从理论上界定了农村公共品供求均衡机制的规范性涵义,分析了影响农村公共品供求关系的社会环境因素,提出了有机衔接农村公共品供求关系的三种基本模式;第三部分:从历史的视角着重对新中国成立以来的农村公共品制度的演变轨迹进行了系统考察,从而加深了对现行农村公共品制度安排的历史渊源及其变迁路径的认识;第四部分:从经验的视角对现实农村公共品供求关系现状及其制度创新进行了实证分析,为构建农村公共品供求均衡机制提供了现实基础;第五部分:分析了现阶段实现农村公共品供求均衡的有利条件和主要制约因素;第六部分:提出并论证了制度创新的原则、制度创新的领域及其提升制度创新效率的相关制度安排。本文的主要研究结果(结论)是:一、理论分析表明,农村公共品供求主体在不同的社会经济环境中,根据对农村公共品在社会经济发展不同阶段地位和作用的认识,通过交互作用和相互影响形成相应的制度安排并演化出不同模式的农村公共品供求衔接方式,在私人利益与公共利益的对立统一中寻求整体利益的最大化。这一方面揭示了本质上作为一种利益协调机制的公共品供求均衡机制的目标、动力及其有效实现方式和需要具备的条件,另一方面也揭示了农村公共品供求均衡机制作为一种经济机制,其供求主体行为特征、所处的社会经济环境以及有关制度安排之间的内在联系。二、分析结果显示,需求变动规律、技术进步、要素禀赋结构和资源配置方式四个方面的社会经济环境因素对农村公共品供求关系具有重要影响。这种影响,从需求方面看主要体现在对农村公共品需求数量和质量、需求结构的变化上,从供给方面看主要体现在农村公共品的供给目标、供给模式以及供给主体的行为方式上。有机衔接农村公共品供求关系的基本模式有:政府主导模式、非政府公共组织主导模式和市场主导模式,它们的运作方式、适用范围分则各具特色,合则相互协调、浑然一体。三、通过对新中国成立以来的农村公共品制度的演变轨迹系统考察,发现:相对于非正式制度安排而言,有关农村公共品正式制度安排的作用范围和程度不断增强,并且正式制度安排的目标受社会经济环境及其所决定的发展战略的影响非常明显,但其绩效严重受制于农村基本社会经济制度。四、案例分析和调查结果表明,一方面,农村公共品供给现状不容乐观且区域差异明显,不同区域、不同收入水平农户对具有不同功能的农村公共品存在着明显不同的偏好;另一方面,政府职能的越位、缺位与错位不仅造成农村公共品供求失衡,还加重了农民的负担,农村基层民主决策与监管机制的缺失以及配套改革措施的不到位则制约了公共资源的有效筹措及利用。同时还发现,有着创新意识的农村基层干部和群众出于对自身利益的追求,通过制度创新不仅在一定程度上起到了缓解农村公共品供求矛盾的作用,而且为实现农村公共品供求均衡提供了有效路径。五、基于对历史和现实的分析,本文认为科学发展观的提出、国民经济实力的显著增强、市场机制的日趋完善以及农村基层民主制度建设,分别为实现农村公共品供求均衡奠定了思想观念基础、经济保障基础、体制基础和动力基础。同时,传统发展战略的惯性作用、政治体制改革相对滞后于经济体制改革造成的体制性矛盾以及村民自治与政府规制双重机制的内在矛盾等,则制约着农村公共品供求关系的有机衔接。六、协调农村公共品供求关系之制度创新应以提升社会的整体利益为最高目标,坚持公平优先兼顾效率原则、分类指导原则、激励与约束相结合原则、点面结合原则和循序渐进原则;结合我国当前宏观经济社会环境的变化,当前及今后协调农村公共品供求关系的关键在于制度创新,重点是统筹城乡公共品制度安排,要积极推进农村公共品决策与监管制度、投融资制度和产权制度创新,并要通过转换政府职能、改革财政制度和加强基层民主制度建设等提升制度创新的效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 The supply-demand imbalance of the rural public goods is the focal point in the issues of“agriculture, farmers and the rural area.”Thus, to seek the efficient way of realizing the balance of the supply-demand imbalance of the rural public goods from the perspective of institutional arrangement has both important theoretical value and vital meaning for implementing the strategy of overall development of urban and rural as a whole and keeping a sustainable and stable development of the social economy.There are all together six sections in this paper. The first section is an induction and review of the academic research outcomes concerning the issues of rural public goods since the years of 1990s (especially after the Rural Tax-fee Reform) from the perspective of supply-demand relationship. The second section theoretically defines the prescriptive meaning of the system of the supply-demand balance of the rural public goods, analyzes the social factors affecting the supply-demand relationship of the rural public goods, and puts forward the three basic models that can organically link up the supply-demand relationships of rural public goods. The third section sees the systematic examination over the developing trace of the institution of the rural public goods since the founding of the PRC. In this way, the knowledge on the history of the current institutional arrangement of the rural public goods and on the changes of its development has been enhanced. The fourth section witnesses the empirical analyses on the present situation of the rural public supply-demand relationships and its institutional innovation from an empirical perspective, which provides realistic foundation for building up a balanced supply-demand system of the rural public goods. The fifth section is an analysis on the beneficial condition and the main delimiting factors of building up a balanced supply-demand system of the rural public goods. The sixth section puts forward and argues on the principles and fields of systematic innovation and it’s related systematic arrangement of raising the efficiency of systematic innovation.The major research results (conclusion) of the dissertation are as follows:1. Theoretical analysis shows that in different social and economical circumstances, according to the recognition of the status and significance of the rural public goods under different phases of social and economic development, and through affecting each other, the main supply-demand body of the rural public goods can form the systematic arrangement respectively and develop various models of the connection ways of supply-demand relation of rural public goods. It seeks the maximum interests as a whole from the complex relations of the individual interests and public interests. This, on the one hand, reveals the goal, the dynamics, the efficient way of realization, and the required conditions of a balanced supply-demand system of rural public goods with its nature as an system of coordinating interests; and on the other hand, it reveals inner relationships among the behavioral feature of the supply-demand subject, the social economical environment, and the institutional arrangement of the balanced supply-demand system of rural public goods as an economic system.2. The result of the analysis shows that four aspects of the social economical and environmental factors , which are the changing law of the demand, the advancement of the technology, the structure of the elements and the way of distributing resources, have vital influence to the supply-demand relationship. From the perspective of demand, this influence is shown by the changes of the quantity, the quality and the structure of the demand. From the perspective of supply, this influence is reflected by the goal, the models of the supply and the behavioral ways of the subject of the supply. The three basic models that can organically link up the demand-supply relationships of the rural public goods are as follows: the government leading model, the non-government leading model, the market-dominating model. The running method and the fitting scope of the three models have their own characteristics, if combined, they will coordinate and be one integrated mass.3. Through systematic checking the developing trace of the institution of the rural goods since the founding of the PRC, author discovers that, comparing to the informal systematic arrangement, the degree and the functioning scope of the formal systematic arrangement of the rural public goods have been enhanced constantly. The aim of the formal systematic arrangement is dramatically influenced by the social economical environment and the strategy of development. And its achievement is considerably delimited by the basic social and economic system of the rural area. 4. The results of the case study and research show that, on the one hand, there is nothing to be optimistic on the supply-demand status quo of the rural public goods, and the regional differences are also very considerable. The preferences for the rural public goods of various functions are different according to different regions and formers of different levels of income. On the other hand, the offside, the lacking and the dislocation of the government functions have not only caused the imbalance of the supply-demand relationship, but also increased burdens of the farmers. The lacking of the systems of democratic decision-making and monitoring in the rural areas and of efficient reforming measures has restricted using and raising the public resources effectively. Meanwhile, author also discovers that, to some degree, in order to seek their own interests, the rural officers and the average farmers with innovative awareness have not only alleviated the contradiction of demand-supply relations, but also provided an efficient way to achieve the balanced supply-demand relation of the public goods through systematic innovation.5. Based on the analysis on the history and the reality, the dissertation believes that putting forward the scientific viewpoint of development, the dramatic increase of the national economic power, the improvement of the market system and the establishment of the basic democratic system in the rural area have laid a good foundation in term of ideas, economic, institution in order to achieve balanced demand-supply relation of the rural public goods. Meanwhile, the inertial function of the traditional strategy of development, the systematic contradiction caused by the backwardness of reform of the political institution comparing to the reform of economic institution and the inner contradiction between the self-government by the farmers and the government authorization have been restricting the close connection of the demand-supply relations of the rural public goods.6. Improving the whole interests of the society should be the ultimate goal of coordinating the systematic innovation of the demand-supply relations of the rural public goods. At the same time we should adhere to the principles of giving priority to fairness with due consideration to efficiency, guiding according to classification, combining the stimulation with restrain, combining the part with the whole and proceeding in an orderly way and step by step. According to the changes of the current micro-economic and social environment of our country, the key of coordinating the demand-supply relations of rural public goods lies in the systematic innovation, and the importance lies in making overall plans of the rural-urban systematic arrangement of the public goods. It is of our high responsibility to actively promote the systematic innovations of policy-making and monitoring, of capital investment and integration, and of property right, and at the same time, improve the effectiveness of systematic innovation through transforming the functions of the government, reforming the fiscal system and strengthening the establishment of the democratic system at the grass-roots level.更多还原