【作者】 姬亚芹；

【导师】 朱坦；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 TSP和PM₁₀来源解析表明土壤风沙尘是颗粒物的重要尘源，土壤风沙尘成分谱是应用受体模型研究颗粒物来源的基础。为了风沙尘成分谱的建立、比较和诊断，使之更加符合当地风沙尘的实际情况，本论文针对风沙尘成分谱研究中存在的一些问题进行了专门研究。本论文首次对土壤风沙尘进行了比较深入的分析与比较，概括了土壤风沙尘的研究进展并提出了存在的一些问题；提出了采集代表性土壤风沙尘的采样方法，包括采样数量、采样时间、采样地点的选择和采样深度等，并设计了采样记录卡，为风沙尘成分谱的进一步研究和应用创造条件；提出了要在分布类型检验的基础上用统计学方法判断异常值，并提出采用正常值最大值（最小值）对异常最大值（最小值）进行替代的方法；以土壤元素背景值为参比系统，通过地质累积指数、富集因子和污染负荷指数等方法，分析土壤风沙尘成分谱中各元素的自然来源和人为来源，从而把元素分成三大类，即主要受自然因素影响的元素，受人类活动影响大的高污染元素，受人类和自然双重影响的中间元素；通过分歧系数、浓度对数图、聚类分析、Spearman相关分析等方法比较城市土壤风沙尘成分谱，初步确立了土壤风沙尘成分谱相似与否的判定准则；首次将土壤元素背景值和土壤风沙尘元素结合在一起，建立起土壤风沙尘与土壤风沙尘、土壤背景值元素之间的数学模型，并进行模型验证，为土壤风沙尘成分谱合理性诊断提供依据；以全国电子地图和土壤元素背景值图为基础，建立了基于Arcgis的可视化成分谱数据库，该数据库可以实现对土壤背景值和土壤风沙尘成分谱的查询、添加、修改和删除。更多还原

【Abstract】 The results of a number of source apportionment projects for TSP and PM₁₀ indicated that the soil dust was an important source of ambient particulate matter, and its profile was the basic of techniques of source apportionment using chemical mass balance （CMB） receptor model. This dissertation researched some questions on the soil dust profile for building, comparing and diagnosing the profiles, which including the following aspects. The progress and the questions of the soil dust profile were analyzed and generalized. The sampling methods were put forward for the further studies. The method of maximum （minimum） outlier being replaced by the proper maximum （minimum） was posed. Pollution of the elements in the soil dust were analyzed through geoaccumulation index, enrichment factors and pollution load index based on the soil background values, and then 17 elements were distinguished into three classes. Coefficient divergence, a log-log plot of the chemical concentrations at pairs of different soil dust profiles, clustering and Spearman correlation were applied to compare the profiles of the soil dust and the elementary similarity criterions were established to differentiate the profiles. The models for the elements in the soil dust were constructed basing on the soil background values and then validated them through relative error, coefficient divergence. The visual database of soil dust profiles was founded using arcgis combining with the Chinese electronical map and the soil background values atlas, through which the profiles of soil dust and soil background values would be queried, added, revised and deleted.更多还原