【作者】 杨荣丰；

【导师】 张可能；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地质工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 地下径流是岩石介质中由水头高处向水头低处流动的地下水流，它主要通过断裂带等连通的空隙流动。流动带走空隙中的物质，淘空断裂带，影响断裂带上建筑物的稳定、矿山的安全。掌握地下径流通道的类型、特征和快速、有效探测其位置是矿山防治水和地下水勘探过程中的关键问题之一。本文通过理论分析、野外试验、现场检验等对这一关键技术问题进行了详细研究，主要研究内容如下：1．地下径流通道的类型、特征、形成机理和影响因素。介绍了地下径流通道的主要类型、特征，分析了每种类型的形成机理、影响因素及其与地下水运移的关系，提出了与矿山防治水、地下水开发等关系密切的地下径流通道的类型(亚类)及其作用方式。2．天然电场选频法的信息特征及其形成机理。提出对天然电场选频法接收到的信息进行分类，分析了每种信息的特征、形成机理和影响因素，介绍了每种信息在地下径流通道探测中的工作方式和资料解释，特别是对天然电场选法动态信息的发现、形成机理研究和在工程中成功应用，解决了以往勘探中主要依据静态信息探测断裂带等地质问题精度较低的不足，为探测地下径流通道中流动水等流体找到了一种准确、经济、快速的方法。3．地下径流通道中流动水及其地表电磁响应特征。介绍了地下径流通道中流动的地下水的运动和特征，分别就地下径流通道中孔隙水、裂隙水、岩溶水的分布、动力性质、径流方向以及在流动过程中与周围环境发生的化学、物理和动力的相互作用，导致地下水的流速、流量、温度、矿化度、化学类型等变化进行了阐述。并与常见的导电性良好的固态导体比较，认为它具有地下动态导体特征，分析了地下径流通道中流动水在地表形成动态电磁响应的机理，提出通过天然电场选频法动态信息直接反映地下流动水，进而确定地下径流通道位置的勘探新思路。4．在矿山注浆堵水工程中，以石下江煤矿注浆堵水为例，介绍了石下江矿区的地质和水文地质特征，分析了石下江煤矿区采矿前后水文地质条件变化、上覆土层的物理力学性质变化、矿井水的来源、矿井涌水通道的类型、矿山注浆堵水的特点和技术关键，首次提出利用天然电场选频法动态信息确定注浆堵水孔位置、了解地下浆液的流向和检查注浆效果。5．在城区断裂的勘探中，以湘潭城区杨梅洲-木湖断裂的勘探为例，分析了城区断裂探测的特殊性，首次提出利用天然电场选频法确定断裂带的范围、断裂带中流动水的位置和断层的大致倾向。6．在地下水开发中，以湖南科技大学2号水源井的勘探和成井为例，分析了地下水开发的特点及其技术关键，首次提出根据天然电场选频法动态信息找到流动水，进而确定径流通道，再在径流通道上布孔成井的工作思路，解决了地下水开采中成井率低、成本高的难题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Groundwater runoff is the subsurface flow which flows from highhydraulic head to low hydraulic head in rock medium. It streams throughcommunicating interstices of fractured zones mostly. The Groundwaterrunoff can carry off substance in interspaces, scouring fractured zone,influence the stabilization of constructions and security of mines on thosefractured zones. To find out the type, characteristics of groundwaterrunoff and detect its position expeditious and availability is a pivotalquestion in the process of prospect for ground water, prevention and curewater in mines. The author had finished particular research on this pivotalquestion based on the theoretical analysis, field tests and spot inspectionin the article. The sum total of study on the subject is contained in thispaper as follows:1. The type, characteristics, forming mechanism, factors that affectof flowing path of under ground water. Introducing the type,characteristics of flowing path of under ground water, analysis formingmechanism and factors that affect of each type under ground water andthe relations of them in this paper, the author propound a well connectedtype (subgroup) and the means of flowing path of under ground wateraction during the process of preventing and curing water in mines andground water developing.2. Characteristics of information and formation mechanism on thenatural electrical field frequency-selection method. Based on thecategorizing of information which signal is received when using naturalelectric field frequency-selection method and analyzing each informationcharacteristics, formation mechanism, modifying factor, the authorintroduced the detect workings and information interpretation on theflowing path of under ground water. The discoved and the study on formation mechanism of the natural electrical field frequency-selectionmethod dynamic information especially and its applications inengineering successfully had solved the the lower accuracy geologicalproblem that followed the static information to detect fracture. Anaccurated and economical and speedy method to detect the flowing waterin the path of under ground water had been propounded.3. The characteristics of moving water in flowing path of underground water and its earth surface magnet response. The authorintroduced the moving process and characteristics of moving water andexpanded his views about the distribution and dynamic properties andrunoff direction on pore water, fissure water and Karst water in flowingpath of under ground water. To explore the possibilities Chemistry,physics and the power occurs of moving water to the environmentmutually do, causes change and so on ground water speed of flow, currentcapacity, temperature, hardness index, chemistry type. Then the authorcompared with usual fine solid state conductors, regarded that the movingwater in flowing path of under ground water bears the imprint ofunderground dynamic conductor, analysis the formation mechanism onthe earth surface magnet response of the moving water in flowing path ofunder ground water, propound a new ideas that we can use the dynamicinformation of natural electric field frequency-selection method to reflectthe moving under ground water then pin down the path of under groundwater.4. During the mine injecting mud and plugging water engineering,the author introduced the characteristics of geological andhydro-geological in Shixiajiang Mine Area, analysis the shift ofhydro-geological condition after mining and before mining, the shift ofphysical and mechanical properties of cover soil, source of mine water,type of mine groundwater flow, the characteristics and key technique during the process of mine injecting mud and plugging water engineeringin Shixiajiang Mine Area. Proposed a way of using the application ofnatural electric field frequency-selection method to definite shutoff holesite and detect the flowing and inspect effection for the first time.5 During the process of inner fault exploration, the YangmeiContinent-Muyu Lake fracture in Xiangtan City as a example.Based onthe analysis to the particularity of inner fault exploration, the authorproposed a way of using the application of natural electric fieldfrequency-selection method to determine the fractured zones range, theposition of moving water, the roughly trend of fault in the paper for thefirst time.6. In the ground water development, the 2~# water source well inHunan University of Science and Technology as a example. Based on theanalysis to the characteristics and key technology of developing groundwater, the author propound a working thoughts of using dynamicinformation of natural electric field frequency-selection method to findthe moving water, determine the flowing path and how to set drill holesfor the first time.All of these results have solved the staggering problemof too high cost, low percentage of drilling.更多还原