【作者】 李平；

【导师】 侯军岐；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业技术经济与项目管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 农村工业在国民经济中占有重要的地位,近年来以乡镇工业为主体的农村工业增加值占全国工业增加值的比例保持在45%左右,农村工业被誉为“中国工业经济的半壁江山”。然而区域间农村工业发展水平存在显著差异,农村工业的生产力主要偏集于东部地区,而西部地区则发展不足。这种差异是造成区域经济不平衡的主要原因之一,也是西部农村贫困和落后的根源。在现阶段社会主义新农村建设的背景下,发展农村工业更是首当其冲。然而西部农村工业结构层次低、组织状况难以适应日益激烈的市场竞争、工业发展要素难以生成和集聚,同时面临着资源和环境的严重约束,西部农村工业发展所面临的一系列问题需要相关发展战略的准确定位和发展理论的创新。本文在对西部农村工业发展现状和发展环境进行详尽分析的基础上,按照资源配置的方向、资源的组织形式、关键资源及要素的获取途径这一主线探讨了西部农村工业发展所面临的结构调整、组织优化和关键要素的获取及培育问题,最后从整体角度出发,探讨了西部农村工业发展中相关力量的耦合作用机制。主要的研究内容及创新点如下:(1)通过对西部农村工业结构的分析发现,西部农村工业加工度低,资源依赖性强。基于西部农村工业发展的特征和现实条件,本研究提出西部农村工业结构调整应遵循发挥比较优势和推进产业深化相结合的原则,使比较优势得以升级,从而增加西部农村工业发展的结构效益。对西部农村工业结构调整的分析突破了对工业结构升级的一般认识,对西部农村工业发展具有一定的理论和现实意义。(2)西部农村工业的组织状况是规模小而分散,难以发挥规模效益和集聚效益,严重制约了西部农村工业竞争力的提升。本研究提出产业集群化、企业经营规模化和其它产业组织创新和优化方式。基于近年来东部沿海地区产业集群对农村工业的巨大促进作用,本研究分析了西部农村工业培育集群组织的现实性,提出了不发达地区集群组织的培育途径,并分析了各种组织方式的选择问题。(3)技术、资本和制度是推动西部农村工业发展的关键因素,也是西部农村的稀缺性要素。本文探讨了这些关键要素的培育及获取途径。在技术市场日益开放背景下,西部农村工业企业的技术进步面临着多种途径的选择,但同时也面临着多种因素的制约,本研究提出西部农村工业企业的技术进步应遵循渐进的路径,而遵循这一战略的关键是培养自身的技术能力;西部农村工业发展所需资金渠道不畅通,在工业自身积累能力弱、投资环境差的前提下,必须建立和完善有针对性的金融市场,同时,政府的政策性扶持也是必要的补充;农村工业的发展与制度环境密不可分,企业家精神的培育,要素的集聚都需要相关制度的激励和支撑,而企业制度的创新则是提升竞争力的关键所在,本研究从正式制度和非正式制度两个方面提出制度创新的着力点。(4)西部农村工业发展中结构调整的实现,组织方式的优化,技术、资本的获取和制度的供给,是市场微观主体在市场竞争中选择的结果,同时也是政府政策和制度导向的目标,本研究探讨了政府和市场在农村工业发展中的协调作用机制;城镇化是农村工业发展中的伴生现象,两者互为依托、相互促进,以农村工业集聚为基础的城镇化发展无疑对农村工业具有重要的助推作用,本研究从企业的集聚动力、城镇的吸引力以及消除相关的阻力等方面,探讨了农村工业的集聚机制;由于区域经济的非均衡增长,在市场机制作用下,西部地区为其它地区的经济发展贡献了要素和资源,自身则陷入“贫困的累积循环”,因此西部的发展应得到相应的补偿,而西部农村工业的发展是西部自我发展能力提升的根本途径,应成为扶持的重点内容,基于此,本文最后提出了针对西部农村工业发展的政府投入机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural industry is an important component of national economy, which outputs have accounted for 45% of the value-added to gross industry in recent years. However, regional difference of rural industry development is very remarkable. The productivity of township enterprises mainly concentrated upon the eastern region, whereas its development insufficiency was exhibited in the western region. The difference resulted in regional economy imbalance, and it was also a primary reason of poverty and backwardness of western countryside. Under the background of socialism new rural reconstruction, the improvement of rural industrialization is exceptionally important. Nevertheless, the western rural industry development was faced with a series of problems because of unreasonable industry structure, inefficient organization form and deficient development elements for rural industry. Furthermore, the industry production in western countryside was also limited by local resource and environment. These problems all need exact orientation of development strategy and innovation of development theory.Through analyzing western rural industry development status and challenges, this paper studied a series of relative problems such as structure adjustment, organization optimization and key factors obtained or cultivated. In the end, the corresponding mechanisms were proposed and discussed from the synthesis points. The main results were summarized as follows:(1) Through analyzing industry structure in western countryside, it was found that their processing degree was very low and mainly depended on resources consumption. Based on their development characters and realistic conditions, structure adjustment should follow the principle of comparative predominance and industrial deepening in order to upgrade industrial structure and increase corresponding structure benefits.(2) In western rural region, industry organization exhibited a dispersed and small-scale trend. It was difficult to exert scale benefit and centralization effect. So, the improvement of industrial competitive ability in western countryside was seriously confined. This research put forward industry centralizations, enterprise scale management, and the optimization way of industrial organization. Industry centralization had remarkably driven the development of rural industrialization in eastern littoral region. This study brought out some cultivating way about rural industry organization optimization in undeveloped areas, and analyzed relative problems existing during the process of integrating various kinds of optimization ways.(3)The technology, capital and system were essential impetus factors, which were also scarce elements in the western rural industry development. With the increasing open of techniques market, the township enterprises in western region are confronting more choices of new techniques. Meanwhile, those enterprises also are faced with many kinds of restrictions. In this study, we pointed out that the technological progress of industry in western rural area should follow the way of advancing step by step, and the key of carrying out the stratagem is to cultivate enterprise own innovation ability. In addition, the fund channel of industry development in western rural area was not unimpeded. So, the professional money market must be established and perfected under the premise of investment environment bad and industry own accumulation deficiency. At the same time, the policy support coming from government should also be given. The development of village industry is closely related with the production environment components, for example, entrepreneurs’spirit, capital, technology, talented person’s gathering and so on, which all need related system support. Among numerous systems, the enterprise system innovation was the key to improve their competitive ability. In the study, we brought out the directions of system innovation from formal and informal way.(4) During the process of western industry development in countryside, the results (such as structure adjustment, organization optimization, system supply as well as technology and capital obtained) were inevitably achieved through market competitions. So, the harmonizing mechanism in rural industry development between government and market was studied. Urbanization was the result of industrialization, which were dependent and promotional each other. So the urbanization based on rural industry centralization can accelerate the development of rural industry. In this study, the centralizing mechanism of rural industry was discussed from these aspects such as enterprise cohesive force, urban attraction and all kinds of related resistance. Because of the unbalanced development of regional economy, all kinds of resources were exported from western areas to the other regions, and western countryside economy self fell into a poor circulation predicament. For these reasons, the western economy development should get corresponding compensations from the government. In the process of western rural economy development, the promotion of industrial self-development ability was the most important solution, which ought to be given more attentions. In the end, we put forward some governmental investment mechanisms aiming at western rural industry development.更多还原