【作者】 孟雪靖；

【导师】 尚杰；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 农村经济、社会、生态环境的协调发展对中国国民经济持续、健康地发展，建设和谐社会以及社会主义新农村有着重要意义。改革开放以来，中国经济取得了引入注目的发展，但是，农村自然生态系统也付出了代价，农村水污染问题日益严重。农村水污染问题已经成为学术界和政府研究的热点问题。农村水污染问题是经济问题和社会问题的结合体，经济问题的产生既有经济基础又有文化基础。因此，从经济、文化角度研究农村水污染问题是解决问题的关键。本文在分析了中国农村水污染的现状以及产生原因的基础上，以农村水污染问题的经济性、社会性以及可控性等性质和实质为着眼点，从农村经济增长、农村工业化、农村城市化、环境意识以及宏观政策等侧面，多角度地研究农村水污染问题。在借鉴国外水污染治理经验的基础上，提出了中国农村水污染治理的对策与措施，并且以黑龙江省农村作为案例进行实证分析。本文共分为六个部分：第一部分：第一章导论。主要是农村水污染问题的提出、研究的目的和意义、国内外研究现状评述、研究内容与思路以及研究方法与技术路线。第二部分：第二章农村水污染的现状及原因分析。重新界定了农村水污染的污染源。将城市排污列入农村水污染的点源污染源范畴；将集约化养殖业定义为点源污染源，而家庭养殖业归入非点源污染源。在对农村水污染成为水污染主要影响因素的基本判断下，从市场、政策、环境意识、农业生产方式以及环境基础设施等方面分析归纳了农村水污染问题产生的原因。并且从环境问题的非合作博弈的角度对地方政府与厂商、中央政府与地方政府、厂商与居民之间的环境保护与污染行为的选择进行了博弈分析。第三部分：包括第三章、第四章和第五章。着重从农村经济发展、政策失衡以及环境意识等三个角度研究了农村水污染问题。在研究农村经济发展对农村水环境的负效应时，从农村经济增长、农村工业化和城市化等三个侧面研究了农业污染源、工业污染源以及生活污染源对农村水环境的影响。运用杜能的农业区位理论，较为系统地、详细地利用“杜能圈”、“逆杜能圈”理论诠释了农村水污染的问题。在研究政策失衡对农村水环境的负效应时，结合“贫困返潮”、“污染回潮”、“污染转移”等现象分析了扶贫政策、环境政策和农业政策无法协调经济发展与环境保护两大目标，对农村水环境产生负效应。在研究环境意识对农村水环境的影响时，指出教育和环境教育对农村水环境具有正效应，并且对农村开展环境教育的群体进行划分，即农村女性、儿童和青少年以及具有一定学习能力的成年人。第四部分：第六章农村水污染治理资金问题分析。充足的资金投入是保证水污染治理工作顺利进行的重要条件之一。分析了中国水污染治理资金投入与使用中存在的问题及产生的原因，认为解决上述问题的关键在于水污染治理资金的良性循环。水污染治理资金的良性循环可以实现资本的保值增值，从而有利于建立并完善环境保护投融资机制。第五部分：包括第七章和第八章。在对国外水污染治理对策的经验借鉴的基础上，本文提出了中国农村水污染治理的指导原则、对策、具体措施和配套措施。认为依托项目推进和注重配套措施的应用有利于农村水污染治理。第六部分：第九章。这一部分将理论与实践相结合，以黑龙江省农村作为案例分析。结合黑龙江省农村水污染的具体情况，提出了黑龙江省农村水污染的治理措施。认为黑龙江省农村水污染治理必须与生态省建设、新农村建设和松花江水污染防治规划相结合。本文的研究拓展了农村水污染问题的研究视角、丰富了农村水污染问题研究的内容。本文提出的农村水污染治理的指导原则、对策、具体措施与配套措施必将对中国农村水污染治理工作起到一定的促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The harmonic development of rural economy, society and ecological environment has great significance to sustainable and healthy national economy development, socialist harmonious society and construction of socialism new village in China. Since the policy of reform and opening up, the economy of China has achieved remarkable development. However, costs of natural ecological system are paid and water pollution problem in rural has been aggravated. Therefore, water pollution problem in rural has become a research focus of academe and government.Water pollution problem in rural is combination of both economic and cultural problems, so, to study water pollution problem in rural from economic and cultural aspects is the key to solve the problem.In this dissertation, based on the analysis of present situation and cause of water pollution problem in rural of China, focused on the economic, social and controllable property and characteristics of water pollution problem in rural, the water pollution problem in rural is studied in many aspects as rural economy growth, rural industrialization, rural urbanization, environment awareness of rural people and macro policies etc. On the basis of reference to foreign water pollution treatment experience, the countermeasure and means of rural water pollution treatment of China are presented and the case analysis is performed taking rural in Heilongjiang for example.This dissertation is divided into six parts.Part One: Chapter One, Introduction. The main contents are the presentation of water pollution problem in rural, study purpose and significance, summary of present domestic and foreign research, research contents and thoughts, together with study approach and technical route.Part Two: Chapter Two, Present situation and cause analysis of rural water pollution. The pollution source of rural water pollution is redefined. The city sewage drainage is listed into point pollution source category of rural water pollution. Intensive breeding industry is classified as point pollution source and family breeding industry non-point pollution source. Based on the fundamental judgement that rural water pollution has been the main influence factor of water pollution, the cause of water pollution problem in rural is analyzed and concluded from aspects of market, policy, environment awareness, agricultural production mode and environment infrastructure etc. From the aspects of noncooperational game of environment problem, the game of environment protection and pollution behavior between local government and factory owners, central government and local government, as well as factory owners and inhabitants is analyzed.Part Three: Chapter Three, Four and Five. The water pollution problem in rural is studied from rural economic development, policy imbalance and environment awareness etc. when studying the negative effect of rural economic development on rural water environment, the influence of agricultural pollution source, industrial pollution source and living pollution source on rural water environment is studied from aspects of rural economy growth, rural industrialization and urbanization ect. Adopting Thunen’s theory of agriculture zone, the water pollution problem in rural is systematically explained by Thunen’s Circle and Anti-Thunen’s Circle theory in detail. When studying the negative effect of policy imbalance on rural water environment, combined with the"re-impoverishment","re-pollutin"and"pollution transfer"pheonomena, the negative effect of"poverty alleviation"policy, environment policy and agriculture policy, which are not able to achieve the two goals of coordinating economic development and environment protection, on rural water environment. When studying the negative effect of environment awareness on rural water environment, it is pointed out that education and environment education have positive effect on rural water environment. The groups in rural receiving environment education are divided as rural females, children and adolescents, as well as adults capable of learning.Part Four: Chapter Six, Fund analysis of rural water pollution treatment. Sufficient investment is an important condition of ensuring the smooth work of water pollution treatment. The problems in investment and use of water pollution treatment fund in China and reasons are analyzed, and it is considered that the key to solve the problem is sound circulation of fund to treat water pollution which can realize value maintenance and appreciation of capital, and it is beneficial to the establishment and improvement of the investment and financing mechanism of environment protection.Part Five: Chapter Seven and Eight. On the basis of referring to international water pollution treatment experience, the guiding principles, countermeasures, detailed measures and auxiliary measures of water pollution treatment in rural of China are proposed. It is considered that relying on project and application of auxiliary measures are good to rural water pollution treatment.Part Six: Chapter Nine. The the rural villages in Heilongjiang province is chosen as case study object. Combined with the detailed situation of water pollution in Heilongjiang rural, the treatment measure of Heilongjiang rural water pollution is proposed. It must be combined with establishment of ecologic province, new rural establishment and Protection and Treatment Plan of Songhua River.The study in this dissertation opens the scope of water pollution problem in rural and extends the research contents of water pollution problem in rural. The guiding principles, countermeasures, detailed measures and auxiliary measures of water pollution treatment in rural proposed in this dissertation will surely promote the work of treating rural water pollution in China.更多还原