【作者】 马继东；

【导师】 王立海；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 原条量材设计是林业企业中最关键的作业，它决定了原条造材的合理与否，决定了原木最终产品的价值，同时影响着木材产品的质量和售价，影响着企业的经济效益和木材资源的利用程度。目前，我国林业面临着森林资源危机和企业经济危困，充分利用好现有的森林资源已成为解决此问题的唯一途径。因此，进行原条量材优化决策系统的研发和应用，可以加强原条合理造材工作，提高原条出材率，是解决“两危”中的一项重要工作。本文在论述了原条量材造材的国内外研究现状的基础上，分析了国内外在该领域所取得的成果，重点研究了各自所建的优化理论和模型，也就是运筹学的各种理论分支的应用，主要包括线性规划、动态规划、网络分析技术等。同时对比较适合我国林业实际量材造材情况的赋值有向图理论做了较为详实的论述，我国的量材造材可以归结为网络中的最大路径问题，分析了其具体的解法——标号法和Dijkstra算法，比较了它们各自的优缺点，指出标号法是此问题的最好的解法，但此解法并不适合计算机程序的编制，困难较大。在此基础上，首次对其进行了改进，提出了后推式标号法。后推式标号法，既利于程序的编制，又可以加快程序的运行速度。在原条的量材设计过程，确定任意两个标号点之间的权值，即该材段的售价，是本系统的难题。在此过程中，要涉及到木材缺陷、木材标准、木材的等级、木材的价格、材种计划等问题，受影响的因素较多。为解决这些问题，本系统建立了常见木材缺陷的数学模型，设计了双向链表作为木材缺陷的存储结构，提高了运行速度；为方便检索木材价格表，本系统使用了数据库ADO技术，使程序的设计更具模块化；同时为方便数据的输入和反馈，本系统均采用了图形化的界面，发挥了可视化的特点，使操作简单。本系统结合林业的实际，从木材缺陷的建模入手，创新性地解决了原条量材设计中的这一难题。在量材设计过程中，为更加形象地再现原条的特征，本系统使用了OpenGL技术，绘制出原条的三维图形。为使量材优化的结果更加可信，本系统还提供了三维交互能力，可以直接对三维图形进行操作，更好地观察、研究优化的结果。为再现原条的内部缺陷，本系统还使用了OpenGL中的选择机制，可利用鼠标直接对三维图形进行拾取操作。本系统综合应用了计算机现有的技术，特别是图形化技术，来处理解决原条量材优化问题，这在我国还是首次。本系统采用Visual Basic6.0、ADO技术和OpenGL技术，是在windows2000下开发出来的，具有操作简单，运行速度较快，可维护性较高，人机界面友好等特点，可广泛地应用到林业企业当中，提高原条出材率，提高企业经济效益。本系统经实例验证，完全可行。经对比分析，本系统可以提高原条的售价，经济效益显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tree-length scaling is the key operation in the forest Industry. Whether the scaling is true or not, it determines the reasonableness of the tree-length bucking, determines the final value of the logs, affects the quality and price of the products, and influences the efficiency and utilization of the forest sources. Now, the forest resources are limited and enterprises have little financial profits in our forestry industry. The only path to overcome this problem is the complete uses of the forest resources. The research and application of Tree-length Scaling System can improve the productivity and is an important work to solve forestry industry difficulties.On the basis of narrations of the present researches of tree-length scaling in domestic and overseas countries, this dissertation analyzed the fruits in this domain, studied the optimization models and theories, which were the application of operation research branches, including linear programming, dynamic programming, and network analyzing theory. In the dissertation, the valued and directed network theory fitting for the actual practices in our country was analyzed fully. Tree-length scaling and bucking belonged to the maximum path problem of networks in this domain. The concrete solutions—labelling method and Dijkstra algorithm were both analyzed. After comparing these algorithms, we found that labelling method was more suitable, but application of it was very hard. In this dissertation, the algorithm was improved; a new method—backward labelling method was put forward. The new algorithm was suitable for the computer programming and could quicken the speed of the program.In the process of tree-length scaling, the certain weight that is the value of the log between two random labels was the obstacle. In this process of scaling, many factors, such as log defects, log standards, log grades, log prices and log asortmentss, affected the scaling. To solve these problems, the system established mathematics models of frequent log defects. This system designed the two-direction link as the log defects storage structure; raised the speed of the program. To easily retrieve log price, ADO technology was used, it made the program more modularized. To easily input and feedback the data, the graphical interface was adopted, which accomplished visualization. The system first solved the tree-length scaling problem, combining the forestry practices and models of the log defects in our country.In the process of tree-length scaling, to represent the characteristics of the tree, the system used OpenGL technology and drew the three-dimension graphics. The system also provided three-dimension interactive operations. Users could directly operate the graphic objects. To represent the inner defects in the log, users could pick the graphic objects with the mouse. It was the first time that solving optimized tree-length scaling with graphical technology.The system was programmed by Visual Basic6. 0, ADO technology and OpenGL technology, and could be run in Windows2000/WindwsXP. This system could operate easily, calculate quickly, maintain friendly, and could apply in forestry enterprises broadly. This system could improve the productivity and increase the financial profits of enterprises. This system was proved to be completely feasible by the actual experiments. Contrasted the two projects of man-made scaling and optimized scaling, this system could raise the financial profits of enterprises.更多还原