【作者】 贺瑞敏；

【导师】 张建云； 陆桂华；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 水环境作为社会、经济系统存在和发展的基本因素，它的承载能力状况对区域发展起着重要作用。如何评价一个区域的水环境承载能力，并根据水环境承载能力指导区域的规划和发展，成为当前各级政府高度重视的问题，也是当前水科学领域研究的热点问题。本文在“人水和谐”的理念下，运用水力学、水环境科学、生态学、系统学等多学科交叉的集成方法，研究区域水环境承载能力问题。具体包括以下主要研究内容：(1)详细深入分析了我国的水资源现状和水环境问题；全面综述了水环境及其承载能力理论、方法和研究进展。(2)拓展了水环境的概念，将水环境看作是由社会经济子系统、水资源子系统和生态环境子系统组成的复合系统，分析其构成要素、结构功能及运作机制；在此基础上，分析了水环境系统的承载关系及承载机制，分别从广义和狭义两个角度给出了“水环境承载能力”的概念及其内涵，并对此进行了数学描述。(3)狭义的水环境承载能力就是水体纳污能力，采用一维河道非恒定水流运动的基本方程Saint-Venant方程组进行水量计算，并根据实测水位和流量资料进行模型率定，建立了狭义水环境承载能力计算的数学模型；并以泰州市主城区为例，进行了狭义水环境承载能力的研究，提出了改善主城区水环境状况的措施。(4)广义水环境承载能力的研究从水环境复合系统的特点出发，提出了包括社会经济、水资源、生态环境三方面指标的综合评价体系，建立了基于改进熵值法赋权的集对分析评价模型；选用此模型对广东省水环境承载能力进行评价，并分析了指标敏感性，找出主要影响因子，由此提出提升广东省水环境承载能力的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a basic factor of society and economy development, water environment plays an important role to support a regional development. How to evaluate a regional Water Environment Carrying Capacity (WECC) and guide the regional planning and development with WECC has been attracting more attention from governments, a hot topic in water science research as well. Under the concept of the harmony between human beings and water, the regional WECC was studied with multidisciplinary approach of hydraulics, water environment science, ecology, and system theory. The main contents include as follow:(1) The current situation of water resources and main issues in water environment were detaildely analyzed. Theory, approach, and advances of water environment and its bearing capacity were comprehensively reviewed.(2) The concept of water environment was improved to be a composite system of socioeconomic, water resources and ecological environment. Based on the analysis for component elements, structural function and operation mechanism of water environment system, the bearing relationship and bearing mechanism were studied, the WECC was defined in generalized level and narrow level respectively, and it was mathematically described.(3) The narrow WECC was regarded as pollutants bearing capacity. Water quantity was calculated with the basic Saint-Venant equations of one-dimensional unsteady flow and verified with measured data of water level and flow discharge. The mathematics model to calculate narrow WECC was developed. Take Taizou as a case, the narrow WECC was studied and the measures to improve water environment were suggested.(4) Based on the characteristics of water environment composite system and comprehensive evaluation index system including the socio-economic, water resources and ecological environment, the generalized WECC was studied. The set pair analysis (SPA) method for regional WECC assessment was improved through introducing entropy weight method. Taking Guangdong province as a case, assessment indicator system was constructed according to the practical situation of water environment in Guangdong Province. Regional WECC in Guangdong province and its three sub-systems were comprehensively appraised adopting the improved SPA method. Finally, the improved measures of regional WECC are presented.更多还原