【作者】 金怒江；

【导师】 胡伟；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 城市经理制是美国三大市政体制之一,也是美国城市中采用面最广、最具活力的市政体制。虽然美国学者从政治学或行政学的某一角度出发对城市经理制进行了深入地研究,但系统地从体制和人员特征角度研究城市经理制的文章还未曾见到。因此,本文拟借鉴美国学者的研究成果,在对城市经理制的内部机制及其演化、人员特征等进行深入分析的基础上,力图发现城市经理制长足发展、经久不衰的根本原因,并进而能对美国市政体制的发展规律有一个基本的认识,从而为我国学者的进一步研究提供参考。本文第一章为序言部分。该部分首先阐述了城市经理制在美国市政体制中的重要地位。进而明确了本文将从体制和专业经理人两个方面进行研究的思路,以期发现城市经理制长足发展、经久不衰的根本原因,并能对美国市政体制的发展规律有一个基本的认识,为后续研究提供参考。第二章为第二部分。在对美国市政体制进行总体介绍和梳理美国市政体制确立的基本原因及历史背景的基础上,厘清了城市经理制确立的基本脉络,指出在发展过程中,城市经理制以其鲜明的企业化、专家化、科学化管理特色最终成为美国城市管理中不可或缺的重要体制。第三、四、五章为第三部分。对城市经理制从体制角度进行了研究。第三章对当时的公共行政理论在城市经理制中地体现作了分析,指出处于初创期的公共行政理论对城市经理制政府的架构以及城市经理制的角色定位产生了重要影响,由此总结出了初创期城市经理制的特色。第四章首先论述了城市经理制中政治职能与行政职能相分离特色在实践中所遇到的挑战。从体制以及城市经理人的角度讨论了城市经理制为此所做出的一些适应性变化,从而证明在实行政党政治的前提下,城市经理制把打破政治与行政相分离同坚持政策制定与执行相分离下的良性互动这两个原则统一了起来。力图阐明实践中的城市经理制很好地实现了城市管理过程中政治与行政的互动。然后该章以城市经理制本身是如何在发展过程中克服体制设计之初缺乏政治领导人的缺陷来对解决城市经理制在提高政府行政能力的同时,容易导致地方政府政治权威缺失的危险做出回答。阐明了增强市长的政治地位是可行的应对方法。第五章在厘清城市经理制发展壮大的基础上,重点从变革传播理论的角度对城市经理制成为美国主流市政体制的原因进行了分析,指出美国城市政府的体制演变模式是随着社会环境和公众价值观的变化而演变的。第六、七章组成第四部分。对城市经理人进行了研究。第六章从介绍城市经理专业组织的发展历程入手,就大家普遍关心的城市经理制中,行政管理专业人才的来源及成长情况做了分析研究。说明了城市经理制有着足够的行政管理专业人才的支持,是能供专业行政管理者成长、成熟的“乐园”。第七章对城市经理和市长在城市管理中的作用和相互关系进行了分析,阐明了正确发挥市长作用的必要性。本文的最后部分对美国市政体制演化的规律进行了总结,并进而对城市经理制的特点进行了归纳。同时对下一步的研究工作进行了展望,指出下一步的研究重点可以放在新公共管理运动对城市经理制的未来走向所产生的影响上。更多还原

【Abstract】 City-manager plan is one of three major American municipal government forms, also has become the most popular system of local government in America. Although American scholars have studied deep from one point of political science or administrative science, articles about the comprehensive research on the council-manager plan has never been seen. This dissertation, by tracing the dynamics of this plan and using the American scholars’research outcome for reference, attempts to highlights the main reasons of its popularity, and explore the law guiding the development of American municipal government, so as to provide some reference for some related research and urban governance in China.Chapter One is prelude, it expatiates on the important situation of city-manager plan in American municipal government forms. This dissertation will pay more attention to the reason of fast development of city-manager plan and explore the law guiding the development of American municipal government. In this chapter, we make certain that we will study the city-manager plan from the point of system and personnel.Chapter Two probes into the contributing factors to the formation of city-manager plan, and demonstrates that city-manager plan becomes the most important system of American municipal government by its scientific and corporation management style.Chapter Three analyzes the influence on city-manager plan that the theory of initial public administration has and summarizes the features of city-manager plan.Chapter Four gives the answers to those questions: How to prove the dichotomy of politics and administration as aberration in practice and how to insist on separating the constitute of the policy from the implement of the policy? How can the aligned administrator executes his duty effectively and keep the continuity of public policy and management? This chapter attempts to elucidate that the city-manager plan in practice realize the interaction between politics and administration in city management. This chapter also demonstrates that building up the mayors’political situation is a effective solution to solve the problem of lacking of political authority in city-manager plan.From the point of carding the development of city-manager plan, Chapter Five analyzes the reason of why city-manager plan becomes the most popular municipal plan in America from the point of the theory of the Diffusion of Innovation. It points out that the evolvement of American municipal government is associated with the change of social circumstance.Chapter Six begins with reviewing the foundation and development of ICMA, analyzes the source and growth of the administrative management professionals in city-manager plan. It shows that the city-manager plan is a paradise for the administrative management professionals.Chapter Seven analyzes the effect of city manager and mayor in city-manager plan. It also analyzes the correlation between the city manager and mayor, and elucidates the importance of exerting the mayor’s action.Epilogue explores the law guiding the development of American municipal government. It also summarizes the fundamental characteristics of city-manager plan, and elucidates that we may analyze city-manager plan during the background of development of new public management in future study.更多还原