【作者】 刘井兰；

【导师】 吴进才；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 以代表性耐、感虫水稻品种为材料,研究了在褐飞虱侵害后水稻体内蔗糖、可溶性糖、干物质、植株NPK、激素含量的根、冠(地上部)分配,褐飞虱侵害后根系活力及吸水量、根系吸收N、P、K的变化,主要结果如下:1.同化物(蔗糖、可溶性糖)根、冠分配褐飞虱侵害分蘖期TN1后3d、6d地上部蔗糖含量显著下降;根系蔗糖含量变化不明显,蔗糖含量根/冠比显著上升。20、40、60、80头/株侵害协优963后3d地上部蔗糖含量显著下降,分别下降14.79%、36.60%、18.70%、15.71%,6d 80头/株侵害后显著下降了26.41%;3d 40头/株侵害后根系蔗糖含量显著下降了30.96%,6d 60、80头/株侵害显著下降,分别下降47.19%、65.51%;3d蔗糖含量根/冠比在20、60、80头/株侵害后显著上升,6d 40、60、80头/株侵害后显著下降。可溶性糖含量与蔗糖含量变化一致。耐、感虫水稻品种在褐飞虱侵害后根、冠蔗糖、可溶性糖含量及根冠比变化不同。2.干物质根、冠分配褐飞虱侵害分蘖期水稻对根、冠干物质分配的影响随品种而异。协优963根干物质重在褐飞虱侵害后下降最显著;TN1地上部干物质重下降最显著。四品种干物质根/冠比与褐飞虱密度间呈线性关系。褐飞虱侵害TN1后3、6、9d随褐飞虱密度的增加,干物质根/冠比显著增加,且随侵害时间的延长根冠比增加越显著,褐飞虱侵害TN1后6、9d干物质根冠比与褐飞虱密度间呈显著相关关系(R~2 = 0.9076~*;R~2= 0.7815~*)。协优63、超级培矮64S/E32干物质根冠比与褐飞虱密度间的相关关系在褐飞虱侵害后9d也呈显著相关关系(R~2 = 0.9585~*;R~2= 0.9631~*),说明根冠比随褐飞虱密度的增加而增加。协优963干物质根冠比变化与前三品种相反,在褐飞虱侵害后3、6d呈显著负相关关系(R~2 = 0.7120~*;R~2= 0.8856~*)。3.根系活力、养分吸收褐飞虱侵害分蘖期水稻后根系反应随不同品种而异。TN1、协优63根系活力在褐飞虱侵害后变化显著,15、30头/株侵害后3、6d显著降低;协优963、超级培矮64S/E32变化不明显。20、40、60头/株侵害TN1后3、6、9d显著降低根系吸水量;协优63在40、60、80头/株侵害后6、9d显著降低吸水量;协优963在40头/株侵害9d显著增加吸水量;超级培矮64S/E32在10、20、40头/株侵害后3d显著增加吸水量。TN1、协优63、协优963在褐飞虱侵害后9d根系吸N量显著下降,超级培矮64S/E32在20、40、60、80头/株侵害后3d吸N量显著上升,6d 60头/株侵害后吸N量显著上升;四品种在高密度褐飞虱侵害后吸P、K量显著下降,低密度侵害后变化不明显,K吸收量下降最明显。4.根、冠氮、磷、钾含量褐飞虱侵害分蘖期协优963后3d根系、地上部NPK含量,6d根系、地上部N含量,9d地上部N含量在60、120头/株侵害后变化不明显。6d根系、地上部P含量、6d根系K含量、9d地上部P含量、9d根系、地上部K含量在120头/株侵害后显著下降,60头/株侵害后下降不明显;6d地上部K含量、9d根系N含量在60、120头/株侵害后均显著下降。褐飞虱侵害协优63后3d地上部N含量、3d根系、地上部P含量、6d、9d地上部N、P含量在60、120头/株侵害后变化不明显,6d根系N、P含量、根系、地上部K含量、9d根系N含量在120头/株侵害后显著下降,60头/株侵害后下降不明显。3d、9d根系、地上部K、9d根系P含量在60、120头/株侵害后均显著下降。不同水稻品种体内营养元素含量在褐飞虱侵害后变化不同,K含量下降最显著,其次为P,最后为N;根系比地上部对褐飞虱的反应更敏感。5.根、冠激素含量(1)ABA分蘖期超级培矮64S/E32、TN1在褐飞虱侵害3d根系、叶片ABA含量显著上升,ABA含量根冠比显著下降;6d超级培矮64S/E32根系、叶片ABA含量显著下降,根冠比显著上升;TN1根系、根冠比与超级培矮64S/E32变化一致,叶片变化与其相反。灌浆期,协优963在褐飞虱侵害后ABA与分蘖期超级培矮64S/E32变化一致;TN1在褐飞虱侵害后3d根系、叶片、ABA含量根冠比均上升;6d在30头/株侵害后根系、叶片、及ABA含量根冠比均显著上升,60、90头/株处理后无论是根、冠、根冠比变化均不明显。(2)GA60、90头/株侵害分蘖期超级培矮64S/E32后3d根系GA含量显著上升,30头/株侵害后变化不明显,叶片、根冠比变化均不明显;30、60、90头/株侵害TN1后3d根系、叶片GA均显著上升。接虫后6d超级培矮64S/E32根系GA含量在褐飞虱侵害后变化不明显,叶片在60、90头/株处理后显著下降,根冠比变化均不明显,TN1在30、60头/株侵害后根系GA显著下降,90头/株侵害后显著上升,叶片变化均不明显,根冠比在90头/株侵害后显著上升。灌浆期协优963根系GA在褐飞虱侵害后3d显著下降,叶片在30、60头/株侵害后显著上升,90头/株侵害显著下降,根冠比在30、60头/株侵害后显著下降;6d在90头/株侵害超级培矮64S/E32后根系GA含量显著上升,叶片在30头/株侵害后显著上升,根冠比在90头/株侵害后显著上升;TN1所有处理后3、6d叶片GA变化均不明显,但根系所有处理均显著下降,根冠比在90头/株侵害后3d、6d显著下降。(3)ZR镇稻2号抽穗期ZR含量变化比灌浆期对褐飞虱侵害更为敏感,密度分别为15、30、60、120头/株的褐飞虱侵害水稻抽穗期3、6、9d后,叶片和根中ZR含量显著下降;灌浆期除各个褐飞虱密度侵害9d叶片中ZR含量和120头/株侵害9d根部ZR含量显著下降外,其他处理根和叶片中ZR含量下降不明显。协优63抽穗期受褐飞虱侵害后体内ZR的变化不同于镇稻2号,密度分别为15、30、60头/株的褐飞虱侵害3d后,叶片中ZR含量明显升高;在灌浆期,除30、60、120头/株褐飞虱密度侵害6d和120头/株褐飞虱密度侵害9d叶片中ZR含量有显著增加外,其它处理变化不明显。表明不同品种水稻在不同密度褐飞虱侵害下对根和叶片中ABA、GA、ZR含量有不同的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 With typical tolerant and susceptible rice varieties as materials, this paper investigated allocation of sucrose, soluble sugar, dry weight, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium contents in rice plants,hormones contents in roots and shoots, and roots vigor and water uptake by roots, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium contents in water solution. Results were as follows:1.Allocation of assimilates (sucrose and soluble sugar) in roots and shootsAt the tilling stage,sucrose contents in shoots decreased significantly under N.lugens infestation. Sucrose contents in roots did not decrease significantly compared to control. Thus R/S ratio of sucrose increased significantly. Shoots sucrose contents at 3d after 20,40,60 and 80 nymphs /plant and at 6d under 80 nymphs/plant infestation for Xieyou963 decreased significantly, with percent reduction of 14.79%,36.60%,18.70%,15.71% and 26.41%, respectively. Sucrose contents in roots at 3d after 40 nymphs /plant and at 6d under 60,80 nymphs /plant infestation decreased significantly, with percent reduction of 30.96%, 47.19% and 65.51%, respectively.R/S ratio of sucrose contents at 3d after 20,60 and 80nymphs /plant infestation increased but R/S ratio at 6d after 40,60 and 80 nymphs/plant infestation decreased significantly.Change of soluble sugar for two rice varieties under N.lugens infestation was similar to sucrose. R/S ratio of sucrose contents could be used as an index of assimilates allocation in roots and shoots. The present findings showed that R/S ratio in tolerant variety was different from that in susceptible one. 2.Allocation of dry weight in shoots and roots.At the tillering stage, allocation of dry weight in roots and shoots under N.lugens infestation varied with rice variety.Roots dry weight of Xieyou963 decreased significantly. shoots dry weight of TN1 decreased significantly.Relationship between R/S ratio of dry weight and N. lugens density showed a lineal trend. R/S ratio at 3d,6d and 9d after N. lugens infestation for TN1 increased with increase of N.lugens density and infestation time. There was significant correlation between R/S ratio of dry weight at 3d and 9d after N. lugens infestation for TN1 and N.lugens denstity (R~2 = 0.9076* for 3d;R~2= 0.7815* for 9d).There also was significant correlation between R/S ratio of dry weight at 9d after N.lugens infestation for Xieyou63 and Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 and N. lugens density(R~2 = 0.9585* for Xieyou 63;R~2= 0.9631* for Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32), indicating that R/S ratio increased with increase of N.lugens density. In contrast, for Xieyou 963, R/S ratio at 3d and 6d decreased significantly. There were significant negative correlation between R/S ratio at 3d and 6d and N.lugens denstiy (R~2 =- 0.7120* for 3d;R~2= 0.8856* for 6d).3.Root vigor and nutrient uptake.Response of roots at the tillering stage varied with rice variety. The vigor of root system of TN1 and Xieyou63 were more sensitive to N.lugens infestation, with significant reduction at 3d and 6d after 15 and 30nymphs/plant infestations compared to control, while Xieyou963 and Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 did not decrease significantly.Water absorbing capacity of TN1 decreased significantly at 3d, 6d and 9d, while at 3d Xieyou63 did not change significantly, but water absorbing capacity at 6d and 9d after 40,60 and 80 nymphs/plant infestation decreased significantly.Water absorbing capacity at 3d and 6d after N.lugens infestations for Xieyou963 did not result in significant reduction compared to control, while water absorbing capacity at 9d after 40 nymphs/plant infestation increased significantly. Water absorbing capacity at 3d after 10, 20 and 40nymphs/plant infestation for Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 increased, while that at 6d and 9d did not. N uptake by roots at 9d for TN1, Xieyou63 and Xieyou963 decreased, while N uptake at 3d after 20, 40, 60 and 80nymphs/plant infestation and at 6d after 60 nymphs/plant for Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 increased significantly.P and K uptake by roots for four varieties under high N.lugens denstity decreased significantly,but did not increase under low N.lugens denstity. Effect of N. lugens infestation on K uptake was the most distinct.4. Nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) content in roots and shoots of riceN, P and K content in roots and shoots at 3d after 60 and 120 nymphs/plant infestation at at and N contents in roots and shoots at 6d at the tillering stage for Xieyou963 did not show significant reduction.P content in roots and shoots at 6d, K content in roots at 6d, P content in shoots at 9d and K content in roots and shoots at 9d after 120nymphs/plant infestation decreased significantly but 60 nymphs/plant infestation did not result in significant reduction of P and K; K content in shoots at 6d and N content in roots at 9d after 60 and 120 nymphs/plant infestation showed significant reduction.For Xieyou 63, N content in shoots at 3d, P content in roots and shoots at 3d, N and P contents at 6d and 9 d after 60 and120 nymphs/plant infestation did not show significant reduction.N and P contents in roots at 6d, K contents in roots and shoots at 6d and N contents in roots at 9d after 120nymphs /plant infestation decreased significantly but 60 nymphs /plant infestation did not result in significant reduction.K contents in roots and shoots at 3d and 9d and P contents in roots at 9d after 60 and120 nymphs/plant infestation showed significant reduction.The results showed that the nutrient elements in rice plants under N.lugens infestation varied with rice variety. Percent reduction of K contents was the largest, the next was P and the last was N. Root was more sensitive to N.lugens infestation compared to shoot.5.Hormorns contents in roots and shoots of rice(1)ABAAt the tillering stage, ABA contents in roots and shoots at 3d after N.lugens infestation for Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 and TN1 increased significantly. R/S ratio of ABA contents decreased significantly. ABA contents in roots and shoots at 6d for Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 decreased significantly but R/S ratio increased significantly.Change of ABA in roots for TN1 was similar to Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 but that in shoots of two varieties was obviously different.Change of R/S ratio was similar to that in root .At the grain-filling stage, change of ABA for Xieyou963 was similar to Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 at tillering stage. For TN1, ABA content in roots and shoots and R/S ratio at 3d after N.lugens infestation increased.R/S of ABA at 6d after 30 nymphs /plant infestation increased. However, ABA in roots and R/S ratio after 30 and 90 nymphs /plant infestation did not show significant change.(2)GAAt the tillering stage, GA contents in roots at 3d after 60 and 90 nymphs/plant infestation for Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 increased significantly, while GA contents in roots after 30 nymphs/plant infestation did not, and also GA contents in shoots and R/S ratio after 30, 60 and 90 nymphs/plant infestation did not. GA content in roots at 3d after 30, 60 and 90 nymphs/plant infestation and that in shoots after 30 and 60 nymphs/plant infestation for TN1 increased significantly. R/S ratio of GA contents after 90 nymphs/plant infestation increased significantly. GA contents in shoots at 6d after 60 and 90 nymphs/plant infestation for Super-highyield rice-peiai 64S/E32 decreased significantly, while that in roots and R/S ratio 30, 60 and90 nymphs/plant infestation.did not. GA contents in roots and R/S ratio at 6d after 90 nymphs/plant infestation for TN1 increased significantly, while that in shoots after 30, 60 and 90 nymphs/plant infestation did not.At the grain-filling stage,GA content in roots at 3d after 40, 80 and 120 nymphs/plant infestation for Xieyou963 decreased significantly and that in shoots after 30, 60 nymphs/plant infestation also increased significantly.GA contents after 90 nymphs/plant infestation decreased significantly and R/S ratio after 30 and 60 nymphs/plant infestation decreased significantly.GA content in roots and R/S ratio At 6d after 90 nymphs/plant infestation for Xieyou963 and that in shoots after 30 nymphs/plant infestation increased significantly.For TN1,GA content in roots at 3d and 6d after 40,80 and 120 nymphs/plant infestation and R/S ratio after 90 nymphs/plant infestation decreased significantly, but that in shoots did not.(3)ZRZR content at the heading stage of Zhendao2 was more sensitive to N.lugens infestation compared with that at the grain filling stage, with significant reduction of ZR content in roots and shoots at 3, 6 and 9d after 15,30,60 and 120nymphs/plant infestations compared to control. At the grain-filling stage of Zhendao2,N.lugens infestation did not result in significant reduction of ZR content in roots and shoots except ZR contents in shoots at 9d after15,30,60 and 120nymphs/plant infestation and ZR content in roots at 9d after 120nymph/plant infestations. However, the response of ZR in Xieyou 63 to N.lugens stress was different from Zhendao2. ZR contents in shoots at 3d after15, 30 and 60nymph/plant infestation at the heading stage increased significantly, and there were no significant alterations of ZR content at the grain filling except with significant increase of ZR contents in shoots at 6d after 30, 60 and 120nymphs/plant infestation and at 9d after 120 nymphs/plant infestation.The present findings demonstrated that the effect of N.lugens infestation on ZR,GA and ABA contents varied with rice variety and developmental stage.更多还原