【作者】 彭会清；

【导师】 余永富； 袁继祖；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 在磁选设备中，磁系设计是关键，所以对磁系磁场的了解是十分重要的，它对分析磁选设备的性能，进而确定适宜的磁系结构参数，磁极形状和尺寸，以及研究磁性颗粒受力情况起着重要的作用。同时，为了优化结构、节省材料，设计制造供不同用途且能满足特定磁场要求的磁系体系，就必须对其磁场的大小与分布，作出严密的分析与准确的计算。基于此，本论文研究了：1、在磁场分布研究中得出，数值计算法的有限差分法、有限元法和边界元法计算相当复杂，各自优缺点明显。目前，有限差分法还在不断发展中，但总的来说用得比较少；有限元法用得最广泛，能处理任意边界和许多不同问题的有限元法分析软件也在不断地发展中，促进了有限元方法的实际应用。因此，在电磁场数值计算分析的各种方法中有限元法居于主导地位。对于线性均匀媒质，边界元法比有限元法更具优势。边界元—有限元混合法兼备了边界元法和有限元法的优点，具有很好的发展潜力，由于有限元法越来越完善，边界元—有限元混合法更依赖于边界元法的研究发展而发展。2、分析了磁场的实验研究法和数值计算法的优缺点，我们决定采用数理方程法、复变函数法和许瓦兹变换法等解析解法来进行磁场分布研究。解析解法是借助于数学方法和物理概念来进行磁场分布研究的方法，可以用完整的数学和理论进行推导，有完整的理论表达式，便于从动力学角度进行磁分离原理研究及建立相应的数学模型。3、采用数理方程法得出了开放磁系指数公式的推导、磁流体静力分选机楔型和双曲线型磁极磁场分布公式；采用复变函数法得出了对辊磁选机、开放型平面磁系、YDQC——500Ⅱ型强磁选机磁场分布公式；采用许瓦兹变换法得出了齿板介质磁场分布公式。计算与测试结果表明：它们能较好的说明这些磁场的分布规律。4、磁流体分选理论中磁系设计方法，为非均匀场磁系设计提供了理论分析方法；磁流体静力分选中垂直沉降理论，为磁选分离动力学研究提供了范例。完善了磁流体分选理论。5、在研究磁场场强的分布情况下，采用新开发出来的稀土永磁体材料，特别是Nd-Fe-B永磁材料的出现，使得磁体的磁能积大幅度地提高，运用材料科学和物理学相结合的方法，研制出了新型的磁系方案，开发了YDQC系列永磁磁选机。6、YDQC-500型强磁选机利用旋转磁系造成高频率的强大离心力对矿粒进行强烈的分选作用，使夹杂在磁性矿粒中的非磁性矿粒和脉石不断暴露出来被冲洗水洗掉，抛掉精矿中夹杂的脉石和非磁性矿粒杂质，从而达到提高精矿品位的目的。该强磁选机的精矿传送带即不导磁不锈钢带具有的多功能性，保护磁系，起移动介质的作用，形成层流边层，起导引颗粒实现分离作用，使之利于设备向大型化、系列化方向发展。从而说明精矿传送带即不导磁不锈钢带这一结构设计的新颖性与多功能性，为分选过程创造了有利条件，同时也节省了材料与成本，使设备结构合理、紧凑。7、在探索分选的最佳形式及其条件的同时，详细分析了YDQC-500Ⅱ型强磁选机的分选空间内矿粒的各种受力，从而得出磁性矿粒在分选区内水平方向的运动方程，得出其数学模型如下：从而为设备参数的优化选择和分选试验提供了量化的关系。8、以某氧化锰矿为矿样，对其进行多因素正交试验，得出YDQC-500Ⅱ型强磁选机的选别试验条件为：磁系转速为400转／分，带速为0.5米／秒，给矿浓度为25％，磁场强度为1.4特斯拉。9、通过对分选试验进行经济效益测算分析，进一步说明YDQC-500Ⅱ型强磁选机的优点及给矿山和社会将带来的良好的经济效益和社会效益。10、基于VB语言开发了集磁选机优化设计，AutoCAD自动绘图和设计文档自动生成为一体的CAD系统，该系统图形界面友好、交互性好、操作者只需按照界面提示输入少量的设计参数，系统就可以自动完成参数优化设计、数据库检索、设计文档和AutoCAD绘图等所有工作，从而达到缩短设计周期，提高设计精度的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The key processing is the designing of the magnetic force about the magnetic machine; so it is important to make knowledge about the magnetic force field. It is benefit not only for analyzing the machine, and for the designing of the structural parameter of the magnetic force, but for the shape and size of the magnetic force, and for the study of the movement of the particles in the magnetic force field. Simultaneity, when we want to optimize the shape for retrenching the cost and to design different magnetic force system for different using, we must make exact calculating on the magnetic force. Then the purpose of this article is studying those as followed.1. What obtains in the magnetic field distribution research is that method using the numerical finite difference element, method using the finite element and methods using the boundary element law computation are quite complex and obvious to see advantage character. At present, the finite difference method is being developed unceasingly, but being used quite little; the finite element method uses widely, so it is the most general method and it promoted the finite element method practical application. The method using the boundary element law computation is better than the method using finite element for the linear symmetrical media, but the composition between method using the boundary element law computation and method using the finite element is based on the development of the method using the finite element progress.2. Analyzing advantage and disadvantage of magnetic field by experimental method and numerical value numeration, we decide to adopt symbolic equation method、complex function method and Schwartz conversion to study the magnetic force field. The analytic solution recurs to mathematic method and physical conception, then studies the distribution of magnetic field. It could be led to by mathematic and theory, and it has intact theoretic expression, we can easy to study magnetic separated principle and set up correlative math model from dynamic angle. 3. Attained the consequence of open magnetic system exponent formula、the sphenoid model of magnetic liquid static selective and the distribution formula of hyperbola model magnetic pole magnetic field by adopting symbolic equation method; attained formulas of opposite rollers magnetic selective machine、open magnetic system、distribution of YDQC——500Ⅱforceful magnetic selective machine’s magnetic field by adopting complex function method; attained formula of tooth board medium magnetic field distribution by adopting Schwartz conversion. The results of calculating and testing indicate: they could explain the distribution rule of these magnetic field better.4. The magnetic system designed method in the theory of liquid selective, supplies theoretic and analysis for magnetic system designment of unequality field; the plumb sedimentation theory in magnetic liquid static selective, supplies example for the study of magnetic separated dynamics. Making the magnetic liquid static selective theory perfectly.5. We adopt the new magnetic permanent material compounding lanthanide, especial the invention of the Nd-Fe-B magnetic material, which prompted the ability of the magnetic material greatly to design a new magnetic force system, then YDQC-500 strong-magnetic-field separator is designed.6. The principle of YDQC-500 strong-magnetic-field separator is that using the large different centrifugal force to separate the magnetic particles and the non-magnetic particles accordance with the separate force generated by the water. The magnetic system of machine is protected by the stainless steel belt which can not conduct the magnetic force. That is the most advantage of the machine.7. We have analyzed the effecting of the forces in the separator’s room, then we get the equation of the magnetic particles in the room in according with the study for the best shape and conditions of the machine. The equation is followed.z= V₀t+1/2α_?t² H gradH-3πμdv_y=δV（d²y）/（dt²）Then we gave the mathematical relation between the choice of parameter and the experimentation. 8. On the basis of the above research, using some oxalate as mine sampling does more-factor vertical experiments and turns out the separation experiment condition of YDQC rare-earth permanent belt strong-magnetic-field separator as the followings:Magnetic system circle velocity is 400 circle each minute, belt velocity is 0.5 meter each second, mine-run density is 25 percent, and magnetic field strength is 1.4T.9. Through measuring and analyzing the economic benefit of the separation experiment, further shows the advantage of YDQC rare-earth permanent belt strong-magnetic-field separator and its application will bring mine and the society better economic benefits and society benefits.10. The AutoCAD is secondary developed using the Visual Basic with a parametric design method to realize the integration between the optimum design system and parametric CAD system. Using the software developed in this article, the design efficiency is enhanced, the designing time is shortened and the amount of the expensive material Nd-Fe-B is cut down.更多还原