【作者】 王晟；

【导师】 周祖德；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络具有布线成本低、监测精度高、容错性好、可远程监控、便于诊断与维护等众多优点，在环境监测、事故定位救援等领域有着广阔的应用前景，其根本任务是准确获取物理世界的有价值信息。无线传感器网络借助于节点的时间与位置信息，实现传感器节点之间控制和传感数据高速率、低延迟的交换，以保证整个检测与控制系统的准确性与实时性。无线传感器网络面临计算、存储与网络资源等方面的限制，针对如何进行无线传感器网络中节点高效、低能耗的定位以及覆盖等问题展开研究具有十分重要的意义。作者将研究成果应用于煤矿安全监测领域，设计了煤矿井下的瓦斯监测和矿工定位以及节点覆盖的解决方案。本文的主要研究工作：1．研究和分析了无线传感器网络节点定位算法的自身特点，结合煤矿监测系统的应用背景需要，设计了一种基于DV-Hop算法和概率栅格方案的新节点定位算法。新算法在不需要额外硬件设施的前提下，能获得更高的定位精度；并针对原DV-Hop算法中因全局洪泛而导致大量系统能耗的缺点，提出了基于露珠洪泛思想的节能方案。为煤矿井下矿工定位和矿难救援提供了一种具有广泛应用前景的解决方案，并对改进算法做了系统仿真和数据分析。2．研究和分析了无线传感器网络中节点边界定位的相关算法和节点覆盖方案，提出了一种基于对冗余节点进行优化调度理论的节点节能覆盖方法。该方法利用网络中同时存在大量冗余覆盖节点集的情况，对这些集合进行工作／休眠模式转换，在保证网络覆盖的前提下，减少大量节点的工作时间，以提高网络生存寿命。仿真实验证明此算法在保证较高网络覆盖率的同时，较一般无线传感器网络覆盖算法具有更长的生存时间。3．基于上述方法，设计了一种基于瓦斯有线光纤传感监测和矿工无线传感器网络节点定位的煤矿井下监测系统。为了适应远程测控、快速救援等实际应用，对基于有线光纤传感的瓦斯监测系统和基于ZigBee协议的无线传感节点定位系统进行了分析与研究，广泛结合二者的优点，设计了一种基于混合传输方式和供电方式的煤矿监测系统方案。并引入参考节点组技术，解决实际应用中矿工节点动态性定位的问题。利用无线传感器网络进行复杂环境监测的研究，涉及微电子、光纤传感、计算技术和无线通信等多个领域，许多知识和技术都是若干学科的交叉，因此，其理论的深入研究和技术的开发应用尚有大量艰巨的工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 The primary advantages of wireless sensor networks are reduction of system wiring, high monitoring precision, convenience for remote supervisory and controlling, easiness of system diagnosis and maintenance, and good fault-tolerant ability, etc. There is wide application prospect of wireless sensor networks in such fields as environment inspection, accident localization and so on. The basic task of wireless sensor networks is to obtain the valuable information of the physical world accurately. Wireless sensor networks can realize high speed, low time-delay message exchange among sensor nodes depending on the time and position information. So it can ensure the high accuracy and real-time characteristic of the whole measuring and controlling system. Wireless sensor networks face many-sided restrictions such as calculating, storing and network bandwidth. It is very important to investigate the high efficiency of sensor nodes, localization of low energy consumes and coverage etc. of wireless sensor networks. In this thesis, the theory technology applied to the field of coal mine safety inspection, and gas inspection under the coalmine and miner localization and nodes coverage are introduced. The main research work is as below:1. Researching and analyzing the characteristic of localization algorithm of wireless sensor network with the application requirement of coalmine inspection system, and designing a new nodes localization algorithm based on DV-Hop algorithm and Probability Grid. The new algorithm will gain higher localization precision without extra hardware; and provide the saving energy solution based on Dew-flooding theory for the disadvantage of large system energy consume resulted from whole flooding in former DV-Hop algorithm. Providing a solution with extensive application for miner localization and succor of mine disaster under the coal mine, and complete the system emulation and data analysis for the improved algorithm.2. Researching and analyzing the relevant algorathm of nodes edge localization and nodes coverage solution of wireless sensor network, providing a nodes coverage method with saving energy based on optimizing attempering theory for redundancy nodes. This method uses the situation that there are lots of redundancy coverage nodes sets synchronously in the network to transfer the working/dormancy modes for these sets, on the premise of ensuring network coverage, it decreases lots nodes’s working time so as to increase the lifetime of network. Emulation examination validates that this algroathm has longer lifetime than general coverage algroathm of wireless sensor network meanwhile ensuring more efficiency of network coverage.3. Finally, designing an inspection system under the coalmine based on gas wire fiber sensor inspection and nodes localization of miner wireless sensor network. Researching and analyzing the gas inspection system based on wire fiber sensor and wireless sensor nodes localization system based on ZigBee agreement for adopting the practical application such as distant measuring and controlling, speed succor etc., and integrating the advantages of these two systems to design a coalmine inspection system solution based on mixed transmission mode and power supply mode. Figuring out the issue of dynamic localization of miner nodes in practical application by introducing technology of Reference Nodes Group.The researches on complex environment inspection by using wireless sensor network involve in many fields and several subjects intercrossing such as micro-electronics, fiber sensor, information technology, computer science and wireless communication and so on. There are a great deal of hard work to be continued on above theories and the application and development of the key technologies.更多还原