【作者】 杨素敏；

【导师】 徐玉如；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本课题从造船行业发展的历史、现状与未来趋势入手，分析了国际先进造船国家与我国造船在技术、管理上的差距。根据未来造船行业大发展的趋势以及中国造船在国际、国内经济发展中的重要作用，提出了造船企业管理是制约国内造船企业进一步发展的一个必须解决的问题。根据ISO 9000标准在全球应用的统计分析数据，以及目前造船行业积极采用该族标准建立并实施质量管理体系的情况，指出了企业业务流程的识别与控制是企业管理的基础观点。它也是有效地建立、实施并持续改进质量管理体系的出发点。同时还是引入以计算机系统为依托的信息管理系统的平台。在本人以往学习、长期从事造船企业、船舶设备生产企业管理的基础上，根据在船舶及其他行业质量管理、质量管理体系审核与培训过程中所积累的经验、遇到的问题，参考了现代管理专家的一些新思路、新方法及对未来的预测，同时借鉴了其他行业的管理经验。结合ISO 9001∶2000等国际管理体系标准的要求，以过程方法为出发点，对造船企业的基本业务流程进行了识别，描绘了造船企业的基本管理框架图。对业务流程的识别、改进、再造进行了简单介绍。同时根据过程的定义、过程方法的原理以及IS09001∶2000、ISO 9004∶2000标准的要求与指南，阐述了造船企业在依据国际管理标准建立、实施并持续改进管理体系的过程中所面临的主要挑战与问题，在分析的基础上，提出了解决或改善这些问题的建议与实例。如对造船行业在实施ISO9001∶2000管理体系的过程中应特别引起重视的问题进行了分析，包括：1)对外包工队伍的管理问题；2)对产品设计外包工作的控制；3)生产计划制定与控制过程中，要重视网络化管理与项目管理相结合：4)造船行业采购的特殊性与有效控制问题；5)内部沟通与信息管理问题。另外还提出了在贯彻、实施ISO 9001∶2000标准的过程中，对各行业具有普遍性的问题，包括：1)文件化的管理体系的有效实施的问题；2)内部审核与管理评审的有效性问题；3)员工培训的问题；4)数据统计、分析与持续改进的问题；5)顾客满意度监控的问题。本课题的主要成果包括：1)提出了一套供造船企业参考的过程框架图及控制分析；2)针对造船行业特点，对在实施质量管理标准过程中经常遇到的问题进行了阐述与分析，以便提供有效的帮助与参考；3)提出了建立与实施国际质量管理体系标准并获得认证的途径与步骤；4)分析建立并实施质量管理体系并通过管理体系认证的益处及其局限性。本课题还对其他相关的国际标准(如：ISO 14001∶2004、OHSAS18001∶1999)的采用提出了结合点与切入点。本课题的结果可作为造船企业及其他相关企业、甚至其他行业企业的参考，对准备、正在致力于或已经实施ISO 9001∶2000质量管理体系的企业均可以提供有效的帮助。本课题同时还可以作为对未接触过该标准或该行业的人士或机构的学习参考，避免走弯路或少走弯路，理解标准的精髓、体察业务流程的作用、增强企业管理知识。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper started from the points of the history, current situation and future development of global shipbuilding industry. The technology and management gaps between advanced shipbuilding countries and Chinese shipbuilding industry were analyzed. Considering the great opportunity for shipbuilding industry, especially for Chinese shipbuilding industry, in the international or local market, we must identified and pay great attention to the problems on the management in shipbuilding enterprises, which will constrict the industry development rapidly.Based on the statistics data of ISO and shipbuilding industry situation on application of ISO 9000 standards, it was stressed that business processes identification and control is the key basis of an enterprise. It is also the start point to establish, implement and continuously improve its quality management system. It will supply a platform for any IT system in order to enhance to manage or running an effective system.Having studied and worked in the shipbuilding industry for a long period, especially worked on the management, quality management, management system assessment and related training courses delivery to shipyards, marine equipment manufacturers and other enterprises, the author, in this paper, from the point of process approach, combined with the requirements of international management standards such as ISO 9001:2000, new management ideas, methods and future development trends, other industries experience, identified the main business processes for a simulated shipyard, described a group of workflow charts for a shipyard operation. A briefing was given in the paper about the business process identification, improvement and re-engineering. At same time stressed the main problems and challenges to a shipyard in the process of establishing, implementing, continuously improving its management system. Suggestions and examples to solve these issues were given such as some special ones for shipbuilding industry and common ones for all industries when apply the standard ISO 9001: 2000. They are including following special ones for shipbuilding:6) The management to sub-contractors for engineering.7) The design sub-contractors control.8) When planning the shipbuilding engineering, network and project management combination should be considered.9) Purchasing control and effectiveness in shipbuilding process.10) Internal communication and information management. Also the followings for common industries:6) Documented management system control and effectiveness.7) The effectiveness of the internal audit and management review8) Staff training effectiveness.9) Data statistics, analysis, continuously improvement.10) Customer satisfaction measurement and control. The main results and outputs of the paper include:5) A set of process flowcharts for a shipyard and related control.6) Analysis, suggestions and advices were given to the key problems for shipbuilding and other industries countered when setting-up and maintaining a management system for useful reference.7) The processes and way to establish, maintain management system and get certification based on the international standard were stressed8) The benefits and constricts of running a management system as per the standards were analyzed.In this paper the analysis was made for the key challenges and main focus which a shipyard should pay much more attention during setting up, maintaining and continuously improving its quality management system. The relevant suggestions were given based on the analysis. The integrated points of applying different standards such as ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001:1999 were stressed in the paper ether.This paper can be a very good reference for a shipyard, at same time for other enterprise, which is planning to set-up, maintaining, continually improving its management system for more sufficient, effective.更多还原