【作者】 牟新云；

【导师】 黄登仕；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 农民工进城，一方面，受到城市文化的熏陶和影响，向往城市文明，具有强烈的城市融入愿望；另一方面，面对城市生活，遇到一些他们无可奈何的问题，会产生困惑。特别是在和城里人、尤其是和城里的同龄人比较中不断的积累和体验着不满意和被相对剥夺的感觉，并由此逐渐形成一种强烈的反社会情绪和失范行为取向。化解这种消极情绪，必须改进农民工管理。管理的自然属性决定了研究管理问题必须研究人的行为。研究进城农民工管理，必须研究进城农民工的行为。人的行为选择受人的需要、欲望、动机、目的等心理因素的影响。进城农民工的需要满足情况与其行为选择直接相关。找出进城农民工需要的规律，以满足主导需要提出管理对策，促进行为适应是本研究的目的。研究进城农民工的需要与行为选择，应以人性理论的基本原理为起点予以剖析，他们的需要满足情况符合需要理论的一般原理。进城农民工需要满足与行为选择是一个复杂性问题。因此，本研究以对需要理论的认识，进城农民工行为适应及行为失范的理论分析，进城农民工管理的复杂性分析三方面作为本研究的理论支点。本研究以抽样调查为基础，通过对成都市农民工的问卷调查，获取了进城农民工的基本情况，并对其结果作了探索性分析。同时从农民工问题的历史、现实背景，国外人口流动问题、国内农民工问题研究的分析，提出了本研究的基本思路。根据恩格斯的三层次需要论、马林洛夫斯基的三层次需要论、马斯洛的五层次需要论，假定农民工的需要满足状况是其行为选择的影响因素，并将进城农民工需要简化为生存、情感、发展三个层次，分别设计外来农民工需要情况及行为选择测试量表和调查问卷，量表共分为五个部分，前三个部分对进城农民工基本生存条件、情感心理、个人发展需要测试，后两个部分对行为的积极、消极取向测试，问卷部分是测试对象的基本情况调查。通过计算机软件处理，前三部分的变量随需要层次两两相关，符合假定；再通过因素分析分别从五个量表中提取因子，共找出了15个因子，并通过了检验。采用层次分析、多元回归分析的逐步进入法，对进城农民工需要满足与行为选择变量进行了回归分析。以行为选择变量为因变量，需要满足变量为自变量进行回归分析，找出了影响进城农民工行为适应的主要因素和进城农民工行为失范的影响因素，建立了进城农民工需要满足与行为选择理论模型，并用研究对象的人口学变量对模型进行了判别分析。人口学变量指描述或反映人口基本特征和状态的指标或要素。本研究通过判别分析选取了性别、婚姻状况、年龄、文化程度、、每月收入等5个变量。进行了检验分析。进城农民工是一个群体，他们既有共性，也存在个性。个体情况不同其需要满足与行为选择应有所不同，但也符合需要满足与行为选择模型反映的一般规律，验证了模型的结论。进城农民工管理属社会管理范畴。按照管理学理论，管理的基本要素是计划、决策、组织、领导、控制、协调等。本研究针对进城农民工，重点讨论了决策、组织、控制。进城农民工管理必须以系统科学为指导，本文从宏观、中观、微观三层次提出了进城农民工管理的对策。本研究的主要结论：1、需要满足变量是影响进城农民工行为选择的主要因素。影响行为适应的需要变量分三个层次，分别是：第一层次，生存需要，包括子女教育、生活条件、生活支出、衣着消费4个变量；第二层次，情感需要，包括社会尊重、家庭亲情、社会交往、业余生活、消极情绪5个变量；第三层次，发展需要，包括工作成就、工作激励、工作报酬、工作环境4个变量。影响行为失范的需要变量只有两个层次，每个层次只有两个变量，分别是：第一层次，生存需要，包括生活条件、生活支出2个变量；第二层次，心理需要，包括家庭亲情、消极情绪2个变量。2、占样本数量约10％，收入中偏下，年龄30多岁，高中文化程度的已婚人群容易走向行为失范，对此，必须高度关注。3、进城农民工的行为选择影响因素十分复杂，影响行为适应的变量存在于需要的三个层次之中。推进农民工融入城市，任何单一的手段均难以解决根本问题。农民工管理政策必须以系统思维指导，从宏观、中观、微观三个层次分主次轻重，优先解决主导需求如子女教育问题，保证基本生活条件和基本生活保障，再依次解决其他问题方能降低管理成本，提高实效。本研究的主要创新点：1．对影响进城农民工分化的主要因素进行了理论和实证分析，提出了进城农民工需要满足及其行为的系统分析框架，为农民工问题研究提供了一种新思路；2．设计了进城农民工基本生存条件需要、情感需要、个人发展需要及其行为选择的李克特量表，并通过了检验，通过因素分析法归纳出进城农民工需要满足及其行为选择的变量；3．运用多元回归分析找出了影响农民工行为选择的需求因素；建立了进城农民工需要满足与行为选择的理论模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Migrant rural workers who come to the city for jobs and are edified and influenced by the urban living mode, on the one hand, yearn towards urban culture and strongly hope to be melt into it; on the other hand, while living in the city, they get into knots because of some no-other-way problems they have to be up against. Especially compared with the urban people, even more with their urban peers, they have felt the tremendous gap between them, and therefore their discontentment and being deprived are increasingly experienced. As a consequence, they gradually form a kind of anti-social emotion and resentment in their mind. To resolve this kind of negative emotions, the management of rural workers must be improved.The natural property of management decides on the fact that the research of management problems must be carried out on the basis of the research of human behaviors. Therefore, the research of migrant rural workers must be carried out on their behaviors. People’s choices of behaviors are affected by their needs, desires, motives, purposes and other psychological factors. What behaviors the migrant rural workers will perform are directly related to the degree of satisfaction of their needs.The research of migrant rural workers’ needs and choice of behaviors should be analyzed on the basis of the fundamental principles of the theory of humanity. The migrant rural workers’ needs are in accordance with the common principles of the need theory. Anyhow, the issue of the needs of migrant rural workers and their actual behaviors is a complex problem. Therefore, this discourse is based on the principles of the following three aspects: the comprehension of the need theory, the theoretical analysis of the adaptation and unadaptation of migrant rural workers, and the analysis of the complexity of managing migrant rural workers.This research, on the basis of sample survey, handed out questionnaires among migrant rural workers of Chengdu city, so that a basic situation of them is obtained with the result tentatively probed into. This discourse also puts forward its own questions on migrant rural workers from such perspectives as the history and realistic background of the problem of migrant rural workers, the issue of population flow in foreign countries, and the analysis of the issue of domestic migrant rural workers.According to Friedrich Engels ’s three-level need theory, Malinnuosiji’s three-level need theory and Maslow five-level need theory, questionnaires and measurement tables about migrant rural workers’ satisfaction of their needs are designed on the supposition that the degree of satisfaction of the needs of migrant rural workers is an influencing factor on their behaviors. Besides, those measurement tables consist of five parts: the first three are related to migrant rural workers’ different needs, including their basic living conditions, psychological development, personal development, etc; the fourth part is the result of the first three parts—choice of behaviors, including measurement tables of migrant rural workers’ adaptation and unadaptation; the last part is the larithmics variable. With the help of relative computer software, it shows that variables in the first three parts function according to the different levels of needs, which is in accordance with the supposition; fifteen influencing factors are obtained and inspected by factor analysis from five measurement tables.In this discourse, Analytic Hierarchy Process、regression analysis is carried out on the variables of the needs of migrant rural workers and their choice of behaviors. According to the variable of the satisfaction of needs, correlative analysis is performed on the different levels of needs of migrant rural workers; with regressive analysis on the dependent variable and the independent variable, which is migrant rural workers’ choice of behaviors and their satisfaction of needs respectively, influencing factors on migrant rural workers’ adaptation and unadaptation are found out, so that a model is established about migrant rural workers’ needs and their choice of behaviors, which is also analyzed on the basis of the larithmics variable.The larithmics variable refers to the index or essential factors describing or reflecting the fundamental features or state of the population. This discourse, through careful differentiation, selects such five variables as sex, marital state, age, education, and income, which are all carefully investigated and analyzed. Migrant rural workers are a group with its commonness and individuality. Therefore, individuals’ satisfaction of needs and choice of behaviors varies personally, while, on the other hand, they are also in accordance with the basic rules described by the model mentioned above.The management of the migrant rural workers is a category of social management. According to the theory of managering management, the primary elements of management consist of scheme, decision, organization, guidance, controlling, harmonizing and so on. This survey attaches emphasis on the discussion of decision, organization and controlling. The management of the migrant rural worker must be conducted on the basis of systematical science. And this paper offers the countermeasures of the management of the migrant rural workers from the three aspects of macro, middle and micro.Main conclusions of this research:1. Variable of the satisfaction of the needs of migrant rural workers is the chief factor to influence the choices of the rural workers’ behaviors. The variable of need to influence the behavior’s adaptation can be divided into three levels as follows:Level 1, survival need, including four variables: child education, living condition, living expenditure, clothing and consumption;Level 2, emotion need, including five variables: social respectability, family, socialexchange, sparetime living, negative emotion.Level 3, need of development, including achievement, work inspiration, work payand working condition.Two levels to lead to misbehavors among the need variables. And each level has onlytwo variables, as follows:Level 1, survival need, including living condition and living expenditure.Level 2, psychological need, including family filiation, and negative emotion.2. According to the sample analysis, the group of married people who take up 10% of the total sample, have a lower income, are aged about 30, and received just a secondary school education are accessible to misbehavors. Therefore, we must pay high attention to them.3. Factors to decide rural workers’choices of behaviors are very complicated, and the variables affecting the adaptation of behaviors reside in three levels. No single measures can offer an once-for-all solution for the mergence of rural workers with the urbanized life. The management of rural workers must follow a systematic consideration by which we must carry out a comprehensive analysis containing macro-levels and micro-levels, and solve the rural problem according to primary and secondary degrees, for example, we may first solve their leading need, like their child education, in order to guarantee their basic living condition and protect their basic life, and take turns to solve other problems. In doing so, we could lower the cost of management and advance actual effect.Chief creative points of this research:1. This paper offers a theoretical and concrete analysis of the main factors affecting the polarization of migrant rural workers, bringing forward a systematic analysis structure of the satisfaction of the need and the behavior of the rural workers, providing a new perspective for the solution of the rural workers.2. Design a quantum diagram covering the need of basic living conditions, emotion need, personal development and choices of behaviors, which prove to be reliable and effective. And sum up the variables of the satisfaction of need of the rural workers through equation analytical method.3. Carry out regression analysis on the variables of the needs of migrant rural workers and their choice of behaviors and build up a relation model.更多还原