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过渡金属手性席夫碱配合物的合成、表征、结构及催化性质研究

Synthesis, Characterization, Structure and Catalytic Capability of Chiral Transition Metal Schiff-base Complexes

【作者】 孙杨

【导师】 唐宁;

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 , 无机化学, 2007, 博士

【摘要】 过渡金属手性席夫碱配合物在不对称催化合成反应中应用广泛,特别是以(salen*)Mn(Ⅲ)结构(salen*=手性二胺与水杨醛衍生物的缩合产物)为标志的Jacobsen-Katsuki型催化剂,已经成为高反应活性、高对映选择性的不对称催化非官能团化烯烃环氧化反应体系。为了探讨过渡金属手性席夫碱配合物的结构与催化效果的关系,我们设计、合成并表征了四个系列的手性席夫碱配体及其相应的过渡金属配合物,并将其中的Mn(Ⅲ)配合物和Ni(Ⅱ)配合物应用于催化非官能团化烯烃的不对称环氧化反应。四个系列的手性席夫碱配体包括:(1)从salen环的5,5’-位衍生出不同叔胺基团的系列salen配体;(2)从salen环的3,3’-位衍生出不同长度烷氧基的系列salen配体;(3)具有不同长度的线型二聚手性salen配体;(4)线型杂化三聚salen配体。催化环氧化的研究结果表明:(1)salen环的5,5’-位衍生出叔胺基团的(salen)Mn(Ⅲ)型催化剂和(salen)Ni(Ⅱ)型催化剂均具有一定的相转移能力,载入碘甲烷以后,叔胺基团可以转化为季铵盐基团,相转移能力更明显;(2)salen环3,3’-位的取代基对于催化环氧化反应的对映选择性非常敏感;(3)由线型二聚手性salen配体形成的(salen)Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂的立体选择性明显低于单核的(salen)Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂,但是增加二聚(salen)Mn(Ⅲ)配合物的长度,可以在一定程度上提升对映选择性。为了优化催化环氧化反应的反应条件,将一个新型手性离子液体和一个多孔配位聚合物引入催化反应体系,催化反应结果表明:(1)手性离子液体和多孔配位聚合物均可以加速催化反应;(2)手性离子液体和手性催化剂之间存在着手性的协同作用。本论文由六部分组成:一、综述催化不对称环氧化反应研究及相关配合物结构研究的最新进展;二、合成、表征了八个从salen环的5,5’-位衍生出不同叔胺基团的手性salen配体(H2LA):(R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-双(次氨基次甲基)]双[4-(亚甲基-N,N’-二丁氨基)-6-(1,1-二甲基)苯酚]-1,2-环己二胺(H2L1),(R,R)-N,N’-[2,2]’一双(次氨基次甲基)]双[4-(亚甲基-N,N’-二丁氨基)-6-(1,1-二甲基)苯酚]-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(H2L2),(R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-双(次氨基次甲基)]双[4-(亚甲基-N,N’-二丁氨基)-6-(1,1-二叔丁基)苯酚]-1,2-环己二胺(H2L3),(R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-双(次氨基次甲基)]双[4-(亚甲基-N,N’-二丁氨基)-6-(1,1-二叔丁基)苯酚]-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(H2L4),(R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-双(次氨基次甲基)]双[4-(亚甲基-N,N’-二吗啉基)-6-(1,1-二叔丁基)苯酚]-1,2-环己二胺(H2L5),(R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-双(次氨基次甲基)]双[4-(亚甲基-N,N’-二吗啉基)-6-(1,1-二叔丁基)苯酚]-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(H2L6),(R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-双(次氨基次甲基)]双[4-(亚甲基-N,N’-二(1-(1,2-二氧戊环苯基-4-亚甲基)哌嗪基))-6-(1,1-二叔丁基)苯酚]-1,2-环己二胺(H2L7),(R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-双(次氨基次甲基)]双[4-(亚甲基-N,N’-二(1-(1,2-二氧戊环苯基-4-亚甲基)哌嗪基))-6-(1,1-二叔丁基)苯酚]-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(H2L8),以及其Mn(Ⅲ)和Ni(Ⅱ)配合物,通过红外、紫外、元素分析、摩尔电导和旋光等方法分析测试表征。确定配合物的组成为:MnLACl·nH2O(n=0~4.7,A=1~8,),Ni(Ⅱ)LA·nH2O(n=0~3.5,A=1~4)。深入研究了Mannich反应,并用改进的方式,高产率的制备了一个在负载型salen配合物中有重要合成价值的中间体3-叔丁基-5-氯甲基水杨醛,并解析了其晶体结构。晶体结构表明,在醛氧和酚羟基氢之间存在着明显的O-H…O氢键作用,这类分子内氢键的作用就是保护醛基在合成反应中不受影响。三、合成、表征了八个从salen环的3,3’-位衍生出不同长度的烷氧基长链的手性salen配体(H2LB):(R,R)-N,N’-[3,3’-[2-氧杂丙基]-5,5’-甲基亚水杨基]-1,2-环己二胺(H2L9),(S,S)-N’,N’-[3,3’-[2-氧杂丙基]-5,5’-甲基亚水杨基]-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(H2L10),(R,R)-N’,N’-[3,3’-[2-氧杂丁基]-5,5’-甲基亚水杨基]-1,2-环己二胺(H2L11),(S,S)-N’N’-[3,3’-[2-氧杂丁基]-5,5’-甲基亚水杨基]-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(H2L12),(R,R)-N,N’-[3,3’-[2-氧杂戊基]-5,5’-甲基亚水杨基]-1,2-环己二胺(H2L13),(S,S)-N,N’-[3,3’-[2-氧杂戊基]-5,5’-甲基亚水杨基]-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(H2L14),(R,R)-N’,N’-[3,3’-[2-氧杂己基]-5,5’-甲基亚水杨基]-1,2-环己二胺(H2L15),(S,S)-N,N’-[3,3’-[2-氧杂己基]-5,5’-甲基亚水杨基]-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(H2L16),以及其Mn(Ⅲ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物,通过红外、紫外、元素分析、摩尔电导和旋光等方法分析测试表征。确定配合物的组成为:Ni(Ⅱ)LB·nH2O(n=0~2.2),MnLBCl·nH2O(n=0~2.1)。解析了Ni(Ⅱ)L10的晶体结构,结果表明了在该配合物中,两个氮和两个酚氧原子与Ni(Ⅱ)形成了扭曲的平面四方形结构,由此产生了(S,S,P)和(S,S,M)两个带有螺旋手性的差向异构体。随即进行的圆二色谱测定,表明了这种异构形式在这一类在salen环的3,3’-位上附有烷氧基长链的配合物中普遍存在。四、合成、表征了十二个线型二聚手性salen配体(H4LC):5,5-亚甲基-双-[(R,R)-N-亚水杨基-N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基水杨醛)}-1,2-环己二胺](H4L17);5,5-亚甲基-双-[(R,R)-{N-亚水杨基}-N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基水杨醛)}-1,2-二苯基乙二胺](H4L18);5,5-亚甲基-双-[(R,R)-{N-亚水杨基-N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯乙酮)}-1,2-二苯基乙二胺](H4L19);5,5-亚甲基-双-[(R,R)-N-(3-甲基亚水杨基)-N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基水杨醛)}-1,2-环己二胺](H4L20);5,5-亚甲基-双-[(R,R)-N-(3-甲基亚水杨基)-N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基水杨醛)}-1,2-二苯基乙二胺](H4L21);5,5-亚甲基-双-[(R,R)-{N-(3-甲基亚水杨基)-N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯乙酮)}-1,2-二苯基乙二胺](H4L22);5,5-亚甲基-双-[(R,R)-N-(3-叔丁基亚水杨基)-N’-(3’-5’-双-叔丁基水杨醛)}-1,2-环己二胺](H4L23);5,5-亚甲基-双-[(R,R)-N-(3-叔丁基亚水杨基)N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基水杨醛)}-1,2-二苯基乙二胺](H4L24);5,5-亚甲基-双-[(R,R)-{N-(3-叔丁基亚水杨基)-N’,-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯乙酮)}-1,2-二苯基乙二胺](H4L25);5,5-(1,4-双亚甲基)哌嗪-双-[(R,R)-N-(3-叔丁基亚水杨基)-N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基水杨醛)}-1,2-环己二胺](H4L26);5,5-(1,4-双亚甲基)哌嗪-双-[(R,R)-N-(3-叔丁基亚水杨基)-N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基水杨醛)}-1,2-二苯基乙二胺](H4L27);5,5-(1,4-双亚甲基)哌嗪-双-[(R,R)-{N-(3-叔丁基亚水杨基)-N’-(3’,5’-双-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯乙酮)}-1,2-二苯基乙二胺](H4L28),及其Mn(Ⅲ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)配合物,通过红外、紫外、元素分析、摩尔电导和旋光等方法分析测试表征。确定配合物的组成为:MLC·nH2O(M=Ni(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ),n=0~4),MnLCCl·nH2O(n=0~5),以及Mn2L19Cl2·3C2H5OH。五、合成、表征了(R,R)-双-N-(3-叔丁基-5-亚甲基-双-N’-水杨基二乙烯三胺)水杨基-1,2-环己二胺(H6L29)和(R,R)-双-N-(3-叔丁基-5-亚甲基-双-N’-水杨基二乙烯三胺)水杨基-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(H6L30),及其Mn(Ⅲ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物,通过红外、元素分析等方法分析测试表征。确定配合物的组成为:Mn3L29Cl3·7H2O和Mn3L30Cl3·C2H5OH。六、在三种环氧化体系,即NaClO水溶液体系、亚碘酰苯体系和间氯过氧苯甲酸体系中,以所合成的Mn(Ⅲ)或Ni(Ⅱ)salen配合物为催化剂进行催化的不对称环氧化反应。在优化催化反应体系方面,将一个新型手性离子液体和一个多孔配位聚合物引入催化反应体系,催化结果表明,手性离子液体和多孔配位聚合物均可以加速催化反应,手性离子液体和手性催化剂之间存在着手性的协同作用。

【Abstract】 Transition metal Schiff-base complexes had a wide application in the field of catalytic asymmetric synthesis. In particular, the Jacobsen-Katsuki epoxidation system, marked by (salen*)Mn(III) structure (salen*=N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-(chiral)ethylenediamine dianion), had emerged as a highly reactive and a highly enantioselective catalytic system for the asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized alkenes. To get a better insight into the relation between the catalyst structure and its catalytic activity, four series of chiral Schiff-base ligands and their transition metal complexes were designed and synthesized, and the Mn(III) and Ni(II) complexes were then employed in the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized alkenes. Four series of chiral Schiff-base ligands included: (1) the salen ligands featuring two tertiary ammonium units on the 5,5’- positions of their salen matrix; (2) the salen ligands featuring two alkoxy chains with different length on the 3,3’-positions of their salen matrix; (3) linear dimeric chiral salen ligands with different length; (4) linear hybrid trimeric salen ligands. The catalytic results indicated (1) Manganese and Nickel catalysts featuring two tertiary ammonium units on the 5,5’- positions of their salen matrix had certain inherent phase-transfer capability. After the loading of iodomethane, the quaternary ammonium units formed, and the phase-transfer capability of the catalysts become more obvious, (2) the enantioselectivity is sensitively effected by the 3,3’- substituents of the salen rings, (3) the enantioselectivity of linear dimeric (salen)Mn(III) catalysts is always lower than that of their monomeric counterparts. However, the linear dimeric (salen)Mn(III) catalysts with longer lengths could afford comparatively better enantioselectivities. To optimize the catalytic reaction conditions, a new chiral ionic liquid and a new porous coordination polymer was introduced into this catalytic system, and the catalytic results also indicated that (1) the presence of ionic liquid and porous coordination polymer could obviously accelerate the reaction, respectively, and (2) the synergetic effect of chiral ionic liquid with chiral catalysts in the catalytic reaction does actually exist.There are six parts in this thesis:1. The recent advance in the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation and its corresponding structural studies were reviewed.2. Eight chiral salen ligands featuring two tertiary ammonium units on the 5,5’-positions of their salen rings (H2LA) were prepared and fully characterized: (R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-bis(nitrilomethyli-dyne)]bis[4-(methylene-N,N’-dibutylamino)-6-(1,1-dimethyl)phenolato]-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (H2L1), (R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-bis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bis[4-(methylene-N,N’-dibutylamino)-6-(1,1 -dimethyl)phenolato]-1,2-diphenyldiamine (H2L2), (R,R)-N,N’-[2,2 ’-bis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bis [4-(methylene-N,N’-dibutylamino)-6-( 1,1 -dimethylethyl)phenolato]-1,2-cyclohexan-ediamine (H2L3), (R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-bis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bis[4-(methylene-N,N’-dibutylamino)-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenolato]-1,2-diphenyldiamine (H2L4), (R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-bis (nitrilomethylidyne)] bis[4-(methylene-N-morpholino)-6-( 1,1 -dimethylethyl)phenolato]-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (H2L5), (R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-bis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bis[4-(methylene-N-morpholino)-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenolato]-1,2-diphenyldiamine (H2L6), (R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’- bis(nitrilomethylidyne)] bis[ 1 -(benzo-1,2-dioxolane-4-methylenepiperazine)-6-(1,1 -dimethylethyl)phenolato]-1,2-cyclohe xanediamine (H2L7), (R,R)-N,N’-[2,2’-bis(nitrilomethylidyne)] bis[1-(benzo-1,2-dioxolane-4-methylenepiperazine)-6-( 1,1 -dimethylethyl)phenolato]-1,2-diphenyldiamine (H2L8). The Mn(III) and Ni(II) complexes of these salen ligands were also prepared and fully characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, EA, molar conductance and polarimetric analysis. The composition of these transition metal complexes seems to be MnLACl·nH2O (n=0~4.7, A=1~8), Ni(II)LA·nH2O (n=0~3.5, A=1~4). Based on the research on the Mannich reaction, an improved method was employed to synthesize an important intermediate (3-tert-butyl-5-chloromethyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde), and its single-crystal structure was also determined by X-ray crystallography. The single-crystal structure analysis revealed that the 0-H...0 hydrogen bond does exist between the formoxy group and phenol hydroxyl group. Possibly, this 0-H...0 hydrogen bond protected the formoxy group in the modification reaction of salicylaldehyde derivatives.3. Eight chiral salen ligands featuring two aloxy chains derived from the 3,3’-positions of salen matrixes (H2LB), including (R,R)-N,N’-(3-((2’-oxopropyl)-5-methylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (H2L9), (S,S)-N,N’-(3-((2’-oxopropyl)-5-methylsalicylidene)-1,2-diphenyldiamine(H2L10), (R,R)-N,N’-(3-((2’-oxobutyl)-5-methylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine(H2L11), (S,S)-N,N’-(3-((2’-oxobutyl)-5-methylsalicylidene)-l,2-diphenyldiamine (H2L12),(R,R)-N,N’-(3-((2’ -oxopentyl)-5-methylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine(H2L13), (S,S)-N,N’-(3-((2’-oxopentyl)-5-methylsalicylidene)-1,2-diphenyldiamine(H2L14), (R,R)-N,N’-(3-((2’-oxohexyl)-5-methylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine(H2L15)) (S,S)-N,N’-(3-((2’-oxohexyl)-5-methylsalicylidene)-1,2-diphenyldiamine(H2L16), were prepared and fully characterized. Their Mn(III), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes were also synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, EA, molar conductance, thermography and polarimetric analysis. The composition of these transition metal complexes seems to be Ni(II)LB·nH2O (n=0~2.2), MnLBCl·nH2O (n=0~2.1). The single-crystal structure of complex Ni(II)L10 was determined by X-ray crystallography. The single-crystal structure analysis revealed that the two nitrogen atoms and two phenol oxygen atoms of L10 coordinated to Ni(II) ion and form a twisted tetra-plane, therefore, two diastereoisomers (S, S, P)- and (S, S, M)- occurred in one unsymmetrical crystal unit. The subsequent CD analysis clearly indicated that this isomerization does exist in its analogous complexes with long aloxy chains of various lengths.4. Twelve linear dimeric salen ligands (H4LC), including 5,5-methylene di-[(R,R)-{N-salicylidine-N’-(3’,5’-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)}-1,2-cyclohexanediamine] (H4L17), 5,5-methylenedi-[(R,R)- {N-salicylidine-N’-(3’ ,5’-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)}-1,2-diphenyldiamine] (H4L18), 5,5-methylenedi-[(R,R)-{N-salicylidine-N’-(3’,5’-di-tert-butylacetylphenone)}-1,2-diphenyldiamine] (H4L19), 5,5-methylene di-[(R,R)-{N-(3-methylsalicylidine)-N’-(3’,5’-di-terf-butylsalicylidene)}-1,2-cyclohexanediamine] (H4L20), 5,5-methylenedi-[(R,R)-{N-(3-methylsalicylidine)-N’-(3’,5’-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)}-1 ,2-diphenyldiamine] (H4L21), 5,5-methylenedi-[(R,R)-{N-(3-methylsalicylidine)-N’-(3’,5’-di-tert-butylacetylphenone)}-1,2-diphenyldiamine] (H4L22), 5,5-methylene di-[(R,R)-{N-(3-tert-butylsalicylidine)-N’-(3’,5’-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)}-1,2-cyclohexanediamine] (H4L23), 5,5-methylenedi-[(R,R)-{N-(3-tert-butylsalicylidine)-N’-(3’,5’-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)}-1,2-diphenyldiamine] (H4L24),5,5-methylenedi-[(R,R)-{N-(3-tert-butylsalicylidine)-N’-{3’,5’-di-tert-butylacetylphenone)}-1,2-diphenyldiamine] (H4L25), 5,5-(1,4-dimethylene)piperazine di-[(R,R)-{N-(3-tert-butyl salicylidine)-N’-(3’,5’-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)}-1 ,2-cyclohexanediamine] (H4L26), 5,5-(1,4-dimethylene)piperazine di-[(R,R)-{N-(3-tert-butylsalicylidine)-N’-(3’,5’-di-tert-butylsali cylicdene)}-1,2-diphenyldiamine](H4L27), and 5,5-(1,4-dimethylene)piperazinedi-[(R,R){N-(3-tert-butylsalicylidine)-N’-(3’,5’-di-tert-butylacetylphenone)}-1,2-diphenyldiamine](H4L28) were synthesized and fully characterized. Their Mn(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were also prepared and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, EA, molar conductance, and polarimetric analysis. The composition of these transition metal complexes seems to be MLC·nH2O (M=Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), n=0~4), MnLC·nH2O (n=0~5), and Mn2L19Cl2·3C2H5OH. 5. Two linear hybrid trimeric salen ligands (H6LD), including (R,R)-di-N-(3-tert-butyl-5-methylene-bis-N’-salicylidene-(N’-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine)salicylidene-1,2-cyclohexa nediamine(H6L29),(R,R)-di-N-(3-tert-butyl-5-methylene-bis-N’-salicylidene-(N’-(2-amino ethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine)salicylidene-1,2-diphenyldiamine (H6L30), were synthesized and fully characterized. Their Mn(III) and Ni(II) complexes was also prepared and characterized by FT-IR, EA and other methods. The composition of these transition metal complexes seems to be Mn3L29Cl3·7H2O and Mn3L30Cl3·C2H5OH.6. The (salen)Mn(III) and (salen)Ni(II) complexes were used as epoxidation catalysts, and three terminal oxidants were selected herein, including aqueous NaClO solution, PhIO and m-CPBA. In the aspect of optimizing reaction media, a novel chiral ionic liquid and a porous coordination polymer was loaded in the catalytic reaction, respectively. The catalytic results clearly indicated that the presence of ionic liquid and coordination polymer could accelerate the catalytic reaction, and the synergetic effect of chiral ionic liquid with chiral catalysts does exist.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 兰州大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2007年 04期
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