“四库总目学”史研究

【作者】 陈晓华；

【导师】 周少川；

【作者基本信息】 北京师范大学 ， 历史文献学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 “四库总目学”(简称“总目学”)是对《四库全书总目》(简称《总目》)进行研究的学问。“四库总目学史”(简称“总目学史”)是对“总目学”的发展历程、研究成果、研究方法、研究思想等进行的归纳总结和规律性探讨的学问。“总目学史”研究对于总结两百多年来《总目》研究的基本成就,深入研讨“总目学”各类代表性成果,揭示其学术价值,归纳其研究方法,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本文在导言以下,从六个方面对“总目学史”进行考察和论述。第一章论述《总目》的编撰及其流传。从政治、经济、文化以及清朝对思想统一的要求分析《总目》的产生背景。其次考察《总目》编撰分工及编撰过程,讨论分纂提要、书前提要与《总目》提要之间的关系、内容差异及差异原因。最后总结《总目》的学术价值和意义。第二章研究各类对《总目》进行补撰的书目。首先指出《总目》编撰因文网与禁书毁书、馆臣学术眼光的不足及疏怠、清廷的民族政策等原因,造成《总目》缺漏甚多,引起各种补撰书目的产生。本章从禁书书目和未收书目两个方面考察了补撰书目的发展源流和基本成就。重点评述了姚觐元的《禁书总目四种》、孙殿起的《清代禁书知见录》、阮元的《四库未收书目提要》三种代表性书目的学术价值,指出补撰书目在揭示我国古籍发展状况,反映康乾社会政治面貌、文化政策及在书目编撰手法等方面的学术价值。第三章讨论续编《总目》的学术成就。《总目》之后,因各类学术著述不断涌现,因此产生《郑堂读书记》、《续修四库全书总目提要》为代表的一批续编书目。本章对以上两部代表性书目进行研究,指出《郑堂读书记》在内容、体例、考证方法等方面续接了《总目》,并有所发展;在增录图书方面作出了贡献。考察《续修提要》的编撰过程,指出其以续编为主,大大扩充了图书的著录范围,续写了乾隆朝及其以后中华文化发展史。第四章论述了对《总目》进行辨证补订的研究成果。指出《总目》因校勘不精、选本不良、馆臣粗疏及囿于门户之见等原因造成的种种错误。考察民国期间完成的余嘉锡《四库提要辨证》、胡玉缙《四库全书总目提要补正》两部代表性学术著作对《总目》纠谬补正的贡献及学术价值。比较二书的特点,指出余书以考证功力见长,胡书以补正总数取胜,二书各有侧重,有互补作用。此外,总结自民国到20世纪末,海峡两岸对《总目》纠谬补正的学术成果,分析其辨证方法及学术意义。第五章从文献学史和学术批评史的角度归纳“总目学”研究的成果,论述了以往“总目学”论著从文献学史的角度对《总目》在目录版本学、考据学上的价值进行总结,从学术批评的角度对《总目》的经学观、史学观、文学观等进行研究的成果,尤其突出评论了陈垣、周积明、黄爱平、季野等人的贡献。第六章总结有关学者对《总目》思想文化的研究,指出这种研究把目录学、思想史和文化史相结合的特色,强调其开辟“总目学”研究新领域与新思路的意义。本文结语从纵向概述了“总目学史”四个历史阶段的发展进程,归纳了“总目学”研究的流派及方法,并对“总目学”发展提出了前瞻性设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 “The Study of the Catalogue of Complete Collection in Four Treasuries”(short for“SCCCFT”) is on the contents of CCCFT.“the History of the Study of the Catalogue of Complete Collection in Four Treasuries”(short for“HSCCCFT”) is concerned with collection of the development,achievements, methods and theories and deduces some rules from the collections.“HSCCCFT”is significant not only of the theory but also of the practice for summarizing the achievements of the researches into CCCFT in more than two hundred years and for probing into the academic value and methods. This dissertation is to explore and discuss of the academic researches on“HSCCCFT”from six aspects besides of the introduction.The first chapter examines the edition process of CCCFT and its circulation. In the beginning, analyzes the backdrop of its birth from the points of view of politics, economy, culture and the mania of the Qing Dynasty for the unanimousness in ideology. Secondly, scrutinizes the jobs of every writers and the compiling process, analyzes the relationship and the differences of the abstracts of divisions, those of books and of the whole work and, importantly, traces the cause of the distinctions. At last , makes a summary of the academic value of CCCFT.The second chapter discusses all kinds of the complementary catalogues of CCCFT. In the first place, that many books is absent from CCCFT because of a lot of works banned and even destroyed due to despotism in culture, the limitation of the academic insight of the editors and their negligence, and the restrictions on the policy of nationalities of the deposit government, all of which results in the complements. After that, inspects the development and the achievements of the complementary catalogues by means of investigation of the books banned and the books leaved out. The discussion is center on Yao jin-yuan’s the four Types of the Banned Books of Qing Dynasty, Sun dian-qi’s the Known and Witness of the Banned Books of Qing Dynasty , and Ruanyuan’s the Abstracts of the Catalogue of Uncollection in Four Treasuries .In the end, academically, three representative catalogues and, based on that, points out the complementary catalogues have great scientific value in the aspects of demonstrating the development of the Chinese ancient books, revealing the social and political condition and culture policy in Kangxi and Qianlong periods and generalizing the methods of catalogue edition.The third chapter is about the academic achievements of the successors of CCCFT. Following CCCFT, many catalogues comes into being , of which two books, the Catalogue of the Books Read in Zheng Sanctum and the Abstracts of the Continuation of CCCFT are representative. After researching the two representations, points out that the Catalogue of the Books Read in Zheng Sanctum has learned much from CCCFT and pushed forward in the contents, the format, and the methods of textual research and , in addition to that, made its own contribution in the augment of included books. At the same time, the article that, by investigating the edition process of the Abstracts of the Continuation of CCCFT, the book is concentrated on continuation of CCCFT and also enlarges the range of the edited books, and by doing so extends the documents of the history of Chinese culture. The forth chapter discusses the productions which arms at examination of CCCFT and supplement of it. These kinds of works manifest a lot of mistakes of CCCFT owing to cursorily collating, awful originals, the editor’s inattentiveness and academic faction. Of all the productions, studies the contributions on their correction of CCCFT and their scientific value of the two representations, the Critical Study of CCCEF wrote by Yu Jia-xi and the Supplement and Correction of CCCFT wrote by Hu Yu-jin. The forth chapter points out that the two works each have their owns strong points and therefore can be complementary for each other. Besides, the article reviews the academic achievements of the supplements and corrections for CCCFT produced in the mainland and Tai-wan from Minguo period to the end of twenty century , and analyze their methods and their academic value.The fifth chapter summarizes the research achievements of“SCCCFT”from the points of view of the history of the philology and of academic criticism. In the first place, reviews the works researching into CCCFT in the aspect of the history of the philology, which had dogged the feats on the study of catalogue and edition and of textual research. In the second place, looks back these achievements in the view of academic criticism, which had evaluated the ideas in Script, history and literature, and gives great emphasis to the contributions made by such persons as Chenyuan, Zhou Ji-ming, Huang Ai-ping, Ji ye .The sixth chapter concludes the researches on the idea and culture value embodied in CCCFT, indicates their unique features of combination of the study of catalogue and the history of ideologue and of culture and stresses on the significance to break new paths in the research into the Study of“SCCCFT”.The conclusion of this dissertation sums up the evolution of the historical of the academic researches on“HSCCCFT”, which can be divided into four stages, generalizes the research genres and their methods and also puts forward an expectation to the future development of the Study of“SCCCFT”.更多还原