【作者】 翟维丽；

【导师】 杨兆升；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本文首先对城市轨道交通系统进行了全面系统地技术经济分析。得出发展我国城市轨道交通系统的必要性,并系统分析了城市轨道交通系统区别于其他城市交通系统的特点以及在整个城市交通系统中的作用。从而得出发展城市轨道交通必须发展城市交通一体化的战略,并具体提出城市轨道交通和其他城市交通形成一体化的技术体系。论文分析了城市轨道交通系统中的各种方式(地铁,轻轨等)的特点和技术经济特性,得出城市如何选择轨道交通方式的策略;并结合上海地铁和广州地铁的具体项目,对城市轨道交通系统(主要指地铁)的关键技术:车辆和供电系统进行了定性和定量的分析,并通过大量的模拟仿真试验,得出城市轨道交通系统在车辆和供电技术方面的创新所带来的经济效益的显著性特点。并重点对我国城市轨道车辆国产化的发展方向进行了分析和展望。论文提出了城市轨道交通系统线网规划选择的多目标决策方法和模型,并结合南京地铁项目进行了实证,得出该方法的可操作性。最后论文分析了实施城市轨道交通系统工程除要研究和探讨关键技术外,还要就其所带来的外部影响进行分析,本文主要就城市轨道交通系统所带来的噪声和振动进行了系统地分析,并结合可持续发展问题提出相应的策略。总之论文围绕着城市轨道交通系统的关键技术用系统分析的方法进行技术上创新,尤其分析特定轨道交通方式的技术构成和经济价值,以技术创新来突破目前城市轨道交通系统成本持高不下的瓶颈。并对其带来的相关问题进行详尽系统的研究,最后得出相应的策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the consistent and rapid growth of the national economy, the constant quickening of the urbanization process,the contradictions of infrastructure and urbanization development are strengthened gradually, especially reflecting on the city transport facilities. City transport burden is increasing constantly, the more the crowded transport is more and more restricting the development of the urban economy , scale. In order to solve the problem of city’s development, people pay more close attention to the development of the urban railway transport. Railway transport has the important roles as heavy loading,swift on time, all-weather , safe , comfortable, and improving the urban environment, increasing the capacity of urban environment, and it has such a great deal of advantages as important meanings ,etc. in setting up the relative urban structure of new-type ecology that separates of space。At present, in our country except that Guangzhou , Shanghai , Beijing , Shenzhen , Tianjin ,etc.have build or are building the urban transport system already, such more than 20 cities as Wuhan , Chongqing , Qingdao and Shenyang ,etc. are preparing to establish the preliminary preparation of the railway now. These projects alleviate the transport to a certain extent , and have realized some benefits of the urban railway transport. But within the running and construction ,it has reflected a great deal of cruxes in the urban railway transport of our country: Planing the system imperfectly , the unuified system standard , long construction period, the low production domesticization level, the high fabrication cost, disparity with developed contry in equipment technology ,lacking the systematic combination in the management of the urban facility operation, backward management , imperfect transport security system.Going into seriously this line of question,,it boils down the problem of the contradiction of the technology and economic, and the urban railway transport is formed by many ways, crosses over a lot of fields technically, involves the investment , urban analysing , cooperates with other transport way , guides urban developing , urban environment ,plan mangement in the running and construction etc , and so many aspects are complicated. So if wantting to solve the problem of the urban transportantion system, we should choose the effectual thinking method, from part to the whole , careful and overall analysis and research; Moreover ,we should analyse synthetically such multiple indexes as the technology , economy in the urban railway transport ,etc..Given the above consideration, this text suggest the urban railway transport as a system to study, confirm the research rang of the relevant three system and its subsystems for the first time, and introduce technological economics to analyse. We depend on it to solve the technology and economic contradiction of the urban railway transport,so as to enable the transport construction of urban railway transport to move towards benign cycle ,and to make the development of the urban transport system healthy and effective.First of all, to have the research in the first pair of systems and subsystems (system: Urban transport system, the subsystem: the transport system of the urban track).The transport system of the urban track is an important part of forming the urban transport system as the subsystem, it is different in such many aspects as the investment , security , handling capacity of passengers , speed , and the influence in the environment and urban planning ,etc., it has the irreplaceable importance and advance in the whole city transport, and is the developing direction of the city transport. But ,in the consideration that no matter from construction cost to operation cost, the transport systems of urban track are all far higher than other urban transport systems, there exsits the problem of whether to adopt and how to adopt the transport system of the urban track in the urban transport system. Studies have shown the transport system of the urban track can easily bring the accessible direct benefit that it produces , with driving relevant industry’s economic development ,and lead the whole urban economy to develop, at the same time in resource, environment, in conformity with city’s development indirect, long-term benefit of many respects within a long time, so we should develop urban railway transport in a more cost-effective manner under the principle of suiting the concrete condition in the city. In addition, the transport system of the urban track is a subsystem in an urban transport system after all , it can’t be independent of system,and it must have the cooperation with other systems in the city transport, coorperating andcomplementing one another , then it could finish the common greatest completion urban communications and transport function of benefit. This requires good links with the transport system of the urban track and and other urban transport systems in planning , and makes rational planning ,develops integrated transport.Moreover,to have the research in the second pair of systems and subsystems (system: the transport system of the urban track, the subsystem: Subway the system, LRT system , monorailway , AGT system, rubber tyre railway system,etc.). Through the analysis of the difference on the function and fabrication cost between various kinds of railway transport ways, and according to urban one’s own natural topography, city size , transport flow, and the development speed of a regular period of future,etc.,we choose the urban railway transport way to suit one’s own development of the city and prevent the blindness of the transport transport and construction , utilize fund rationally ,and make urban track transport system appropriate acting on the urban transport system, thus serve the development and construction of the city effectively.Finally,to have a research in the third pair of systems and subsystems (system: the transport system of the urban track, the subsystem: Network, accuse of system of , not supply water and not draining off water etc. vehicle and rolling stock section , limit circle , track , station , building , structure project , power supply , communication , signal , ring ).We analyse the function of the subsystem within the transport system of the urban railway transport, especially the technological composition in the specific railway transport way and economic worth, and this is also the key of this text.The question of the cost has always been the important reason of the urban railway transport censure ,and it exists objectively.To increase the feasibility of project construction of the urban railway transport , and to realize the benefits of the transport system of the urban track to the greatest extent, we will undoubtedly start with lowering costs . The article reveals that the key of lowering costs lies in developing railway transport technology in a more cost-effective manner. Technological innovation among economic field can make advanced technology in the design of producing apply toing effectively, either lower costs , or improve its performance producing the economic benefits in a short time or the long-term, and the economic benefits increased are favorable to the appearance of new technological innovation again, interact on each other within this circulation, break through the bottleneck of the high cost.of the transport system of the urban track .The article further investigates a large number of urban railway transport project instances , such as Guangzhou Subway Line No. two , Shanghai , Shenzhen Subway Line No. one ,etc.. Drawing the conclusion of, in the transport system construction of the track, besides building construction, the proportion of cost of the vehicle , power supply to total construction cost is the largest, and needing comprehensive engineering level and higher technological contentSo,to choose the vehicle technology of the urban railway transport stigma at first, we carry on the detailed record and study to the vehicle static behavior and dynamic technical parameter, use drawing , applying the brake , such research approaches of the theory as obstruction calculated, combining a large amount of test data and artificial simulation data operated to the vehicle, at the same time, we determine the synthesis of equipment price of vehicle ,etc.to analyses , judge the factor influencing vehicle performance and cost, on this basis, we confirm relevant technology,and realize high economic benefits through technological innovation to study,lowering costs on the basis of guaranteeing to even improve performance , or reach the performance and balance to a certain extent of cost.For example,lightment to quantize , VVVF technology , recycled braking technology ,etc., all the advantages lie in improving vehicle operation performance, and reduce the energy consumption of the reduction while safeguarding the cost. The development of every technology , material and craft ,makes the vehicle production domesticization of the urban track become possible so as to save the additional cost of the vehicle in artificial with freight charges and reduce the reliance on foreign countries at the same time, we can reduce the unnecessary consumption on the vehicle cost in purchasing cycle , equipment maintaining , spare part changing , tendentiousness loan etc. ; There is a supported and promoted function on the development of every domestic relevant technology in production domesticization, even if there is no obvious advantage on the expenses shortly , it will develop continuously and play a important role in the health of the transport system technology of track of our country. In addition, the development of supplying power technology guarantees the urban railway transport system’s normal running,and the network planning is also an important composition of the railway transportatin system.The technical development of various fields and cooperating each other, will optimize the urban railway transport system..Finally, the article analysed the urbarn railway system’s impacts on city , environment and resources ,etc in many aspects and draw the conclusion that the construction of the urban railway transport system are favorable to sustainable development of city , and it is the developing direction of the urban transport system of the future.So, in the construction of the urban railway transport system , we should research and analyse the urban railway transport system‘s planning and construction in an all-round way with the systematic thought in accordance with the time and the place. At the same time ,we use the technological economy innovation as a breakthrough to solve the problems that technology contradicts with economy in the urban railway transport development, leaving the urban railway transport the benign cycle of development ,and playing a more valid role in the urban railway transport system, becoming the developing direction of the future urban railway transport system, contributing to the urban development.更多还原