【作者】 曹鹏；

【导师】 隽志才；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 高速公路具有舒适、通行能力高、运输成本低、经济效益好等特点，现已成为我国综合交通运输系统的重要组成部分。然而，高速公路在带给人们高效、快捷、方便的同时，也带来了交通事故多发等负面影响。车速是驾驶员与动态的交通系统相互作用的直接表现，速度与交通安全有着非常密切的关系。限速作为车速管理的主要手段，实质上是对驾驶员认知环境的修正。因此，限速对提高高速公路安全性有着非常重要的意义。驾驶员是交通系统中的主体，存在生理、心理上的复杂性，其信息处理过程和对标志的认知能力，对限速标志能否有效发挥其制约性起着重要的作用。本文依托西部交通建设科技项目“公路交通标志视认性及设置有效性研究”，对高速公路上限速标志的设置有效性进行分析。基于认知心理学和人机工效学对驾驶员处理交通信息的过程，人—车—路—环境系统进行研究，提出了限速标志设置有效性应综合考虑道路环境、交通流等多种因素。并依托“三福高速限速研究”项目，以三福高速为例，从交通量组成、实际运行速度以及设计速度与运行速度协调性等方面，进行了大量的实际调研和问卷调查工作。在数据分析的基础上，对三福高速公路限速值和限速方案进行确定，并提出三种限速方案。此外，本文还对限速标志对驾驶员行为产生的影响进行了进一步的理论和实际研究，建立了驾驶员在限速标志影响下的速度选择模型和基于驾驶员认知心理的车辆跟驰模型，并给予了标定及验证，为深入研究限速标志提供了理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper relies on the scientific construction project of western transportation, "The research on the recognition and setting effectively of road traffic signs", studies the effective setting of freeway speed limited signs. Using the theory of psychology and ergonomics, this paper analysis the drivers’ information processing of traffic sign and man-machine driver system. Based on these theory researches, we conclude that the effective setting of freeway speed limit sign should consider the various influence factors such as road environment, traffic flow and so on. Besides rely on a great of questionnaires and surveys of SanFu freeway, the paper discusses the value of speed limit, and bring forwards three effect ways of effective setting of this signs. Moreover, based on the analysis of the key driving behavior shaping factors, this paper constructs the speed choosing model under the influence of speed limit signs and car-following model, which based on psychology analysis of drivers, and certain the parameters of these models. These results will provide some knowledge to the further research on speed limit signs.The safety of road traffic in our country is not very optimistic now, and accident rates increased year after year. Speed limit signs, one of the effect ways to freeway speed control, play an important role in the safety establishment of road traffic. So the researches of drivers’ psychology and behavior at the freeway limit signs have significance senses. The speed limit signs express speed information to drivers, so the research of value of speed and limit methods which based on the analysis of driver behavior is better to improve the effective of this sign. Now in domestic, we have no systemic regulations on the values, It’s unreasonable of the freeway limit speed all base on the design speed, design speed and limit speed have different definitions and applying areas. So a lot of limit speeds in the freeway are not accord with actual road circumstance, and drivers all consider that design speed is unacceptable.Based on the thought above, we use several chapters in this paper to describe these techniques in details and we will introduce its main contents respectively now.In chapter two, the theory of psychology and ergonomics were used in the research of driver information processing, and the driver’s traffic sign information processing model was built up, and the course of traffic sign recognizing was also analyzed based on the model .It draws a conclusion that the many influence factors should be considered on limit sign setting.In chapter three and four, relies on a great of questionnaires and surveys of SanFu freeway, including the component of traffic flow, the vehicle’s real speed, the accordance between design speed and the vehicle’s real speed. Based on the data above, we discuss the limit speed value and projects, we put forward three limit ways in this paper.In chapter five and six, using the factor analytic method to certain the main factors which affect the drivers to distinguish the speed limit signs, in this foundation determined the driver behavior pattern, and constructs the speed choosing model under the influence of speed limit signs and car-following model.In chapter sever, this paper advances the principle and frame of speed control, and introduces many assistant establishments of speed limit sign, which have reference to the optimal of freeway speed limit sign setting.Conclude the researches, we have several innovative point:(1) Using the theory of psychology and ergonomics, the driver’s traffic sign information processing model and drivers behavior model were built up in this paper.(2) Based on the data analysis of the component of traffic flow, the vehicle’s real speed, the accordance between design speed and the vehicle’s real speed, the paper certain the way of limit speed that is speed limit road segment and value of limit should rely on the vehicle’s real speed, and three limit ways were provided in this paper.(3) The speed choosing model under the influence of speed limit signs and car-following model were constructed. These models will provide some knowledge to the further research on speed limit signs.更多还原