【作者】 张静；

【导师】 范军；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 区域差距是任何一个追求经济发展与社会进步的国家或地区，在经济发展到一定阶段后不可避免就会出现地区间发展不平衡的现象。区域政策就是针对这种问题而制定的协调政策，通过积极的区域倾斜改变由市场机制作用所形成的一些空间结果，促使区域经济发展与区域格局协调并保持区域分配合理。援助作为区域政策的一项重要工具，对缩小区域差距和寻求经济社会的均衡发展起着重要的作用。欧洲大多数成员国都是发达国家，但是各成员国之间、欧洲内部各地区间的发展水平也存在着明显的差距。欧盟除了各成员国政府，欧盟执委会作为一个超国家的权力机构也有对成员国的落后地区进行援助，扶持落后国家和问题区域。其目的在于通过对各种“问题区域”的援助，改善当地的交通通讯等基础设施，促进经济社会发展，提高劳动者的素质和就业能力，实现欧盟范围内的经济社会聚合，巩固和完善欧盟的内部大市场，加强内部凝聚力，提高欧盟的国际竞争力。欧盟的区域援助主要是通过结构基金、聚合基金、欧洲投资银行贷款和共同农业政策等来实施的。自20世纪70年代欧洲区域发展基金设立以来，欧盟通过实施区域援助有力地促进了落后地区经济的发展，一定程度上缓解了先进地区与落后地区之间的差距，推动了欧洲经济的发展和一体化的进程。欧盟对爱尔兰的援助收到了很好的效果，成为欧盟区域援助成功实施的典范。爱尔兰入盟时还是欧洲最穷的国家之一，成员国之间区域差异的扩大受到关注。欧盟大量援助爱尔兰的生产性项目、基础设施、环境保护、产业扶持和人力资源等，开发经济发展潜力。欧盟区域援助在爱尔兰取得了巨大的成功，成为推动这个传统农业国家迈向工业国家、实现经济社会跨越式发展的不可忽略的重要因素之一。究其原因不仅仅是欧盟援助的范围和力度，更重要的是爱尔兰做出的一系列相关努力，其具体操作和方法技巧为爱尔兰吸纳援助资金和提高资金使用效率等方面发挥了重要作用。爱尔兰为积极争取援助资金以及其它经验做法值得其它成员国和地区借鉴。欧盟东扩给欧盟区域援助带来的新的挑战。10个中东欧新成员国的加入使欧盟内部的区域发展不平衡问题愈加严重，使得原本就存在的成员国之间就收益和支出的敏感话题受到更多关注。如何适应新的发展形势，提高援助的有效利用率，迅速消除贫富差距，实现不同地区居民收入和机会的公平，增强内部凝聚力，巩固内部团结，是欧盟区域援助当前要解决的重大课题。欧盟区域援助与经济社会发展并不完全是成正比的，援助的积极效应取决于各方面的因素，四个聚合国家的对比就很好地说明了这一点。中东欧国家可以借鉴但不一定照搬爱尔兰利用欧盟援助的发展模式，因为各国的具体情况总有差异。爱尔兰拥有的许多优势与欧盟区域援助共同发挥作用，创造了爱尔兰奇迹。欧盟实施区域援助有多方面的考虑，其存在的问题受到更密切的关注。欧盟应对区域援助困境的经验提供了很好的示范。结语中分析了欧盟区域援助对其它区域性组织和国家的借鉴意义。其它区域性组织与欧盟在组织体制等方面存在差异，成为这些组织借鉴欧盟协调成员之间利益关系的做法时应注意的问题。中国同世界上大多数国家一样，也面临着严重的区域差距问题，从欧盟和爱尔兰的实践中可以获取相关经验，以实现社会的和谐发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Regional disparities are phenomena that interregional development is uneven, which are inevitably confronted with any country or region pursuing economical development and social advancement at a stage. Regional policy is certainly an harmonious one aimed at this issue, which urges even and harmonious economical development between regions and maintain reasonable distribution though changing spatial distributions resulted by market mechanism by ways of active regional tilt. As an important tool in regional policy, regional aid is an instrumental in reducing regional disparities and seeking even economical and social development.Although the majority of European nations are developed countries, there are marked disparities in development level between member states and between regions in Europe. In addition to member states, the European committee also provides aids for lagging regions as a super-country authority, in order to assistance backward countries and problem regions, with the purpose of improving local infrastructure such as transportation and communication, promoting economical and social development, advancing workers and ability in obtaining employment, achieving convergence in the area of European Union, consolidating internal great market, upgrading competitiveness in the world through aids in various problem regions. Regional aids in European Union are carried out though Structural Fund, Cohesion Fund, European Investment Bank and the Common Policy. Since the European Development Fund come into existence in 1970s, European Union has vigorously advanced economical development in lagging regions by regional aid, in some extent reducing disparities between advanced and lagging regions, and promoting economical development in Europe and the progress of integration.Aids from European Union have good effects, which becomes models in successfully implementing regional aid by European Union. Ireland was one of the poorest countries in European Union when becoming a member state. The widening between member states attracted more attention. European Union offered a great deal of investment in productive programmes, infrastructure, environmental protection, industrial assistance, human resources in Ireland, exploiting potential economical development. European Union aid in Ireland is a success story, which played an inevitable important role in the transition of Ireland from a traditional agricultural country into industrial one and realizing big-step development. The reasons lie in arrange and volume aided by European Union, as well as a series of efforts by Ireland, of which particular operations and skills effected on absorbing fund and increasing utilizing rate, etc. Ireland’s efforts of energetically striving for fund and other experiences are worthy of reference.Enlargement of European Union in east and middle European countries brought some new challenges. The participation of the ten countries sharpened the previous uneven development in European Union, which caught more eyes on the sensitive theme of gains and expenditures between member states. There were many problems faced with European Union, such as adjusting to new situation, upgrading the utilizing rate, eliminating gap between the poorer and the rich, achieving impartiality of income and opportunities in various regions, strengthening internal solidarity.European Union aid is not completely equal with economical and social development, because the active effect of aid is dependent on various factors. The four Cohesion Countries are good examples. East-middle European countries may learn from Ireland’s experience but not necessarily copy it’s modes, since there always are differences between countries. A great deal of advantages endowed with Ireland and European Union aid play roles simultaneously, creating Ireland miracle. There are a lot of factors that are took into consideration when implementing European Union aid, of which problems are paid more attentions. The experience of European Union provides a good example.The conclusion analyzes the significance of European Union aid for other regional organizations and countries. The differences in system and mechanisms between other regional organizations and European Union, become problems that should be paid more attention when learning from European Union. Alike many other countries in the world, China faces serious regional disparities. Learning from European Union and Ireland may be beneficial to harmonious development in the society.更多还原