【作者】 缪俊；

【导师】 刘大为；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本文考察现代汉语句嵌结构，尝试援引意向性理论说明某些动词、形容词、名词可以支配句子作句法成分，在此基础上进一步探讨下列问题·小句宾语和谓词性词组作宾语、主谓词组作宾语有没有区别?·小句宾语和兼语式如何划界?·形容词、名词能不能支配句子作为补足语?·句子充当句法成分时能扮演那些语义角色?意向性理论认为，具有意向性的活动可以将一个外在事态映射为自身的内容。在语言中，特定动词、形容词、名词可以表示这种具有意向性的活动，从而在句法上可以支配一个句子，表示受到意向性关指的外在事态。第一章是全文绪论，首先简要介绍了句嵌结构的基本形式，然后回顾了以往研究者对相关课题的探索，并在检点现有研究成果和不足的基础上阐述了本文选题的价值、研究思路和方法等问题。第二、三两章讨论各种具有意向性的活动及其内在结构，以此为基础考察可以支配句子作句子成分的各种动词、形容词、名词，以及受支配的句子所作的句法成分，并给出现代汉语句嵌结构的类型系统。第四、五两章分别考察动词、形容词、名词所支配的句子(内嵌小句)。第四章提出了内嵌小句的独立性等级。不同的独立性实际上反映了词组成句可能性的大小。然后我们分别考察了意向动词、言说动词内嵌小句(小句宾语)的独立性，并尝试从“意向内容的可交流性”和“言语行为类型”的角度对两种动词小句宾语的独立性提出解释。之后，我们讨论了小句宾语与谓词性宾语的分界，通过意向性理论解释两者在独立性、结构形式上的差别。我们认为，小句宾语与谓词性宾语的差别是句子充当句法成分时和词组有系统差别的一方面表现。第五章中，我们考察了形容词、名词内嵌小句的独立性，并与作形容词补足语、名词修饰语的谓词性词组进行比对，发现这些内嵌小句和谓词性词组之间同样存在差别，与小句宾语和谓词性宾语之间的差别类似。此外，我们还从物理力、言辞力、意向力的不同入手分析小句宾语和兼语式的划界问题，尝试为最终解决这一问题提供新的思路。第六章考察句子充当句法成分时能扮演哪些语义角色。我们尝试探讨：句子如何像名词性成分那样取得语义角色?不同动词、形容词、名词的内嵌小句可能承担哪些不同的语义角色?语义角色的不同在句式转换中怎样体现?最后，我们还发现，动词内嵌小句充当语义角色的能力与动词带名词性宾语的能力相关。第七章总结全文，并提出关于句嵌结构的研究可以拓展到篇章分析之中。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research takes the complex embedded clause as our study, discusses the basis and criterion of categorization of complex, and analyzes the relationship between the types, structures and linguistic marks of the complex as well as the relationship between grammar structures and intentionality structures.Chapter one is an introduction. To begin with, it gives a brief introduction to the complex embedded clause. Then it provides a historical review of Chinese Grammar study involving the clause forming part of a complex sentence in the past and points out several deficiencies in the past studies. Base on this, it puts forward the significance of the study on embedded clause and this paper’s approach and theoretical background.Chapter Two and Chapter Three mainly discuss the intentionality act and it’s internal structure. On this ground, a more advanced analysis on the verbs, adjectives, nouns that can take a clause as a part of a complex sentence are carried, and a comparatively more comprehensive system of the type of complex embedded clause is initiated.Chapter four and Chapter five focus on the clause embedded in the complex. At the beginning of Chapter four the scale of structure independence of a clause is put forward, which indicates the possibility of a clause to be used as a sentence independently. Then a particular description of the clause commanded by verbs of intentionality and speech acts is given, and the difference of independence of the clause is attributed to the diversity of intersubjestivity and speech acts. Through a comparative study of clause embedded in a verb and an objective phrase, we find that they are separated on independence and syntactic-semantic strcture.Chapter five concentrate on the clause commanded by an adjective or a noun. It firstly discusses the independence of the clause and then compares it with that of the phrase that acts as the complement of an adjective or a noun. The findings are consistent with what we reach in the former charpter.Chapter six is about the role of the clause embedded when it is commanded by a verb, an adjectives, or a noun. It tries to solve the problems as follows: How can a clause play a certain role when it embedded in a sentence? What role can embedded clauses be play? And how does the role of the embedded clause related to it’s competency of syntactical transforming?Chapter seven raises the conclusions of this paper, and makes an attempt to extend our findings into discourse analysis.更多还原