【作者】 杨瑛霞；

【导师】 张际平；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育技术学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)是继计算机多媒体技术之后又一个引起广泛关注的研究热点。自诞生以来，就在航空航天、军事、医学、教育等行业发挥了极为重要的作用，虚拟现实技术、多媒体技术与网络技术被称之为三大未来最有前途的新技术领域，也代表了未来技术应用的主要方向。随着网络技术和应用的飞速发展，各种应用已不仅仅局限于单机的或独立的系统，而是通过网络进行连接，以分布式的形式开展各种应用，虚拟现实技术也不例外，重点应用都已逐步向分布式方向发展，使虚拟现实技术的应用向更广阔的领域延伸。分布式应用系统这一综合跨学科的研究领域越来越受到人们的重视。武警部队作为我军重要的内部保卫力量，担负我国重点部位的执勤、守卫、处置突发事件和反恐怖斗争等关系国计民生的重要任务。训练是部队平时最基本的活动和中心工作，是部队形成战斗力的前提。因此，如何遵循规律，科学施训，搞好训练设计、优化训练过程、更新训练观念、改进训练方法，确保训练质量，是武警部队要面对的永远课题。军事训练本质上是关于军事知识和军事技能学习的教学过程。如何运用信息化手段，把多媒体、网络、虚拟现实等先进的技术应用于教学训练，发挥教育技术对教育效果的提升作用，虚实结合进行演练，并不断研究“处突”“反恐”和“防卫作战”中可能出现的、复杂多变的情况，使学员综合素质在多层次得到锤炼，促进学员由知识向能力的转化，意义重大。本论文从武警部队初级指挥学院教育训练的现状出发，指出目前武警初级指挥院校在运用信息化手段进行教育训练方面存在的不足，在以建构主义学习理论为代表的先进的教育学习理论指导下，运用分布式虚拟现实技术、Agent技术和知识管理技术，依托武警初级指挥院校现有的良好网络基础设施，设计一个面向武警初级指挥学员综合知识学习与指挥能力培养的分布式虚拟训练系统(简称DVTS)，并进行原型设计与实现，目的是为初级指挥员综合指挥培训创设虚拟训练平台，作为实训教学的有效补充。归结起来，主要有以下重点工作：●初级指挥学员所需知识内容的分析与归纳。●在分析学习理论的指导意义基础上，进行DVTS学习环境模型和系统架构设计。●在DVTS学习环境模型确定基础上，进行DVTS系统总体设计，阐述系统体系结构和关键技术的基础。●基于DVTS总体设计，进行部分软件设计开发和原型实现。本论文共有两大部分共六章组成：第一部分主要是理论、概念与技术方法等方面的剖析；首先从问题的提出出发，对本研究的理论、技术与方法的可行性进行了分析，同时对国内外研究现状，尤其是教育领域与军事领域的应用研究现状进行了比较分析。重点探析了与分布式虚拟学习训练相关的概念，其中包括学习支持系统和虚拟学习社区、虚拟现实技术和分布式虚拟现实、尤其是军事教育训练和战术训练的概念与特点、以及分布式虚拟军事训练系统等。此外，也重点讨论了DVTS智能虚拟学习环境，涉及学习环境的主要理论基础以及学习理论对DVTS设计与实现的指导作用、讨论了知识管理与知识转化的方法、以及智能代理(Agent)技术和基于Agent的DVTS智能虚拟学习环境等。第二部分重点是DVTS系统的总体设计与原形实现：描述了DVTS的总体设计，涉及DVTS的体系结构、系统的软硬件组成(包括主要功能模块)。重点论述了系统实现的几个关键技术、开发工具的选择，以及系统的运行流程等。通过以捕歼事件为例，讨论了DVTS的原型实现，其中涉及作战情况想定(战斗序列划分、场景设计、角色划分等)、知识与角色库的考虑、系统底层支撑内核(包括系统内核、图形内核、输入输出内核和网络内核)。此外，对原型的主要应用程序、基于状态的处理、以及作战的地图处理等问题也进行了讨论。论文的最后简要回顾和总结了本研究的目标意义、阐明研究的成果与不足，以及未来进一步研究的内容和方向，并预测了虚拟现实技术和分布式虚拟训练系统未来发展的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Virtual Reality (VR) is a study hotspot following the computer and multimedia technology. It has very important features in all fields, such as aviation & spaceflight, military affairs, medicine, and education since its naissance. VR, multimedia and network are also viewed as the best promising field and the development direction of technology. Along with the fast development of network technology, all applications are not limited at stand-alone or absolute system, but through networked and in the distributed way for all applications, also virtual reality. This trend makes VR forward to extend wider fields. Now the study on distributed application system is more regarded.Armed police army as internal security force, it takes on important task for service and guard of key places in our country, and burst out affair treatment. Training is the daily activities of army and the precondition for battle effectiveness. So how to keep to rule and science training, optimize training design and process, renew training concept and methods, and insure training quality are the forever topic for armed police army. Arm training is essentially related to the teaching and learning process of military knowledge and skills. It is meaningful how to use information technology means (including multimedia, network, and virtual reality) for training, and keep going on to study the cases of dealing with burst out affairs and turn over fear, making of hammer-harden of learner synthesis diathesis.Based on the actuality of primary command college of armed police army in education and training, this dissertation addresses the shortages with respect to using information technology for training and teaching, and how to design a distributed virtual training system under the guidance of constructive learning theory and using agent and knowledge management technologies, in order to improve the commanding capacity and synthesis knowledge for primary armed police commander. The key works are following: Sum up and analysis necessary knowledge for primary armed police commander; Design DVTS learning environment model and system structure based on the analysis of learning theories; Carry out the collective design of DVTS system following the learning environment model, and describe the key technologies of system structure; Realize a prototype, including software design and development, based on the collective design of DVTS system.The dissertation is composed of two major parts: Part one is mainly related to theories, concepts and methods. First puts forward issues for this study and analyzes the feasibility about theory, technique, and method. Then, study status quo between national and abroad, especially VR applications in education and military, is compared and analyzed. This part is also focused on some relative concepts of distributed learning and training system, involving learning performance support system, virtual learning community, military education and training. Moreover, the intelligent learning environment, knowledge management and exchange, and intelligent agent technology are discussed.Part two focuses on the design and prototype implementation of DVTS. The whole design involves system structure, software and hardware (main feature modules). It is also related to some key techniques, development tools, and system running procedures. Through a case of catching and destroying, this part describes the prototype implementation, in which relates to campaign instance assumption (action sequence, scene design, and role carve up), knowledge and role base, system bottom support, etc. At last, we sum up and review the target, success and shortage of this study, point out future direction and goal, and forecast the trend of DVTS.更多还原