【作者】 顾波；

【导师】 李光沛；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 胶合板具有许多优良的性能，如比强度高、加工相对容易、能保持天然木材的花纹、质感等，发展历史悠久，在人造板产品中一直占据主导地位，广泛应用与室内装饰装修、家具制造、包装等领域，与人们的生活息息相关。胶合板产品的环保性和阻燃性直接影响着人们生活质量和生命安全。本文通过应用BL-环保阻燃剂于胶合板产品中，研制环保阻燃胶合板，并与生产实际相结合，使其容易进行产业化生产。本项技术的研究可为人类、社会带来明显的社会效益和环境效益，也为胶合板行业开拓了发展空间，带来一定的经济效益，具有一定的理论价值和实际应用意义。本论文对BL-环保阻燃剂进行了创新研发，提高了其性能，并通过改进工艺和设备，使此技术产品能够进行产业化生产。通过单因子试验和正交试验对单板上载药量影响因素和环保阻燃胶合板的生产方式进行了试验研究，借助氧指数测试仪、烟密度测试仪、分光光度计、红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析仪等仪器设备进行性能检测和分析，得出了以下结论：1．BL-环保阻燃剂具有许多优点，如生产成本低、易制易用、一剂双效、环保无毒等，适合我国国情。创新研发的BL-环保阻燃剂在阻燃性能、吸潮性能等方面有所提高；生产性的工艺和设备已较为成熟。2．应用BL-环保阻燃剂可生产出合格的环保阻燃胶合板，提高了产品的附加值，提升了我国胶合板产品的国际竞争力。3．单板全部进行浸渍处理工艺压制的胶合板，环保阻燃性能优良，氧指数可以达到60％以上；甲醛释放量小于0.Smg／L，稳定在E₀级。表层单板进行浸渍处理工艺压制的胶合板，其环保、阻燃性能受层数影响较大，适宜于压制厚度较小的胶合板，以三层、五层为宜。成品板进行浸渍处理的胶合板，其环保、阻燃性能不理想，较难达到环保、阻燃的要求，试验中氧指数最高为38％，此种方式生产的胶合板适用于对环保、阻燃性能要求不太苛刻的场所。间层单板浸渍处理工艺压制的胶合板性能优良，氧指数可以达到40％以上；甲醛释放量稳定在E₀级；此种工艺可以节约成本，提高生产效率。4．BL-环保阻燃剂对胶合强度有一定程度的不利影响，可通过控制热压工艺和选用胶合强度高的普通脲醛树脂胶，来弥补胶合强度的降低。5．经济效益分析显示，BL-环保阻燃剂在胶合板行业的应用可为行业带来可观的经济效益，走出低价低质的恶性循环，提升胶合板产品的档次和竞争力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Plywood has a long developing history and takes a important position in woo-based panels because it has many advantages, such as high specific strength, easiness to produce, maintaining natural pattern and properties of wood. Plywood is utilized to decorate, make furniture, pack and so on. So it has a close relationship with people’s lives. Properties of environmental protection and flame retardation of plywood affect our lives and safeties directly. Based on practice, this paper researched environmental-friendly and fire-retardant plywood applied with BL-environmental-friendly flame retardant. The research can bring more than remarkable social and environmental benefits for people and society. Also it will broaden the developing space of plywood industry and produce some economic benefits. So the study is of important theoretical value and practical significance.The research did many innovative experiments about BL-environmental-friendly flame retardant and its properties were improved. Improving techniques and equipments has industrialized this technology. Factors affecting loading and methods manufacturing environmental-friendly and fire-retardant plywood were researched by single factor experiment and orthogonal test. With the help of oxygen index apparatus, smoke density apparatus, spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), environment scanning electron microscope (ESEM), thermo gravimetric analyzer and other interrelated experiment equipments, the following main results were obtained:1 .BL-environmental-friendly flame retardant has many advantages, such as low cost, easiness to produce, one reagent with two functions, environmental protection, and adapts to the situation of our country. Properties of the second generation BL-environmental-friendly flame retardant were improved with innovative research.2. Environmental-friendly and fire-retardant plywood with good properties can be manufactured by applied BL-environmental-friendly flame retardant. This new plywood is of more added value and international competitive capability.3.Plywood manufactured by soaking of individual veneer shows excellent properties. OI is above 60%. Formaldehyde emission is less than 0.5 mg/L and stabilizes in El rank. Properties of plywood manufactured by soaking of tow surface veneers are affected by layers directly. This method adapts to produce small thickness plywood, not more than five layers. Soaking of finished products is the third method. Plywood with this method is not satisfying and the highest OI is only 38% in experiments. These products can be used in places that are low restriction to properties of environmental protection and flame retardation. Plywood manufactured by interstratified veneer treatment shows good properties. OI is above 40%. Formaldehyde emission stabilizes in E0 rank. This process is lower costs and higher production efficiency than that of soaking of individual veneer.4. BL-environmental-friendly flame retardant has some negative effect on bond strength. We can make up the lost bond strength by means of controlling hot pressing technology and using urea-formaldehyde adhesive with high bond strength.5. Economic benefits analysis shows that BL-environmental-friendly flame retardant can bring plywood industry considerable economic benefits. Also this technology helps our factories break through vicious circle of low quality and low price and improve rank and competitive capability of our products.更多还原