转轨中的平衡

【作者】 吴强玲；

【导师】 肖巍；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 以经济体制改革为主要特征的我酬经济转轨已经进行了20多年，在这个过程中，我国经济社会生活发生了巨大的变化，社会财富持续增长，人民生活水平不断提高、民主化进程也在逐步加快。但是，旧的利益格局被打破了，新的平衡机制还没有建立起来，社会公平问题也空前地凸现出来，并且集中地反映在居民收入分配领域。当前我国的收入分配虽然还没有产生严重的两极分化，但收入差距和还在继续扩大，这就将社会成员是否合理地分担经济转轨的成本、是否公平地分配改革成果的问题尖锐地提了出来，这个问题必须引起高度的重视。本文正是以居民个人收入分配为切入点，通过对经济转轨中我国收入分配状况和原因的考察，认为政府行为在收入差距扩大中产生了重要影响，政府应当承担其维护社会公平的责任。在此基础上，本文对经济转轨过程中维护社会公平的行为主体进行了分析，指出了政府在维护社会公平中的主导作用，并进一步从理论和实证角度对维护社会公平的政府行为进行了讨论。最后，就如何改善维护社会公平的政府行为提出了对策性建议。第一章经济转轨与社会公平，主要界定了贯穿全文的基本概念，包括对公平理论和公平与效率关系的一般考察，指出在经济转轨过程中特别要关注社会公平问题。第二章经济转轨中我国居民收入分配状况及分析，运用统计数据描述我国经济转轨时期收入分配的状况，进而分析导致收入分配差距拉大的原因，以及对经济社会发展产生的影响。认为导致居民收入差距拉大的因素非常复杂，但不可否认体制因素和政府行为在其中的重要影响。第三章经济转轨中维护社会公平的行为主体，通过对市场、政府、第三部门在维护社会公平中的作用进行分析，结合我国转轨时期的实际情况，提出维护社会公平的行为主体结构，特别强调在这一主体结构中，政府起着最重要的主导作用。第四章维护社会公平的政府行为，从政府职能和政府目标两个层次论证政府维护社会公平行为的理论依据，进而认为我国经济转轨发展到今天，政府应当明确以维护社会公平作为价值取向，并瞄准这个目标对维护社会公平的政府行为范围进行了归纳。第五章维护社会公平的政府行为实证分析，分析了政府维护社会公平的基本思路和主要举措，指出我国政府在维护社会公平的实践中，不仅坚持了正确的方向，而且进行了有益的探索，尽管这种探索还存在着许多问题。另外，还提出了别国在经济转轨过程中政府行为失当的借鉴意义。第六章维护社会公平，必须改进政府行为，构建了改善维护社会公平的政府行为对策框架。包括相互联系的三个方面：一通过行政体制改革，提高行政主体的素质，建立有利于维护社会公平的现代政府；二是理顺政府和第三部门的关系，加大对第三部门的扶持力度；三是通过创新政府的公共政策，在初次分配、再分配以及基础教育等领域，加强对居民收入差距的调节。更多还原

【Abstract】 It had already lasted for more than 20 years since our economy, characterized by economic system reform and industrialization, began to change her development path. The economic and social life has changed enormously, the social wealth increased continuously, the living standards of the people improved constantly and the democratization process been accelerated progressively during the process. However, in the course of economic transition, the old interests groups have vanished, while the new groups have not dominated yet, the society changes violently and the social fairness issue is popped out, which concentrates in the field of resident’s income distribution. Though the income distribution of our country has not polarized at present, the income gap is expanding continuously, especially that there are still quite a few worse-off populations. The enlargement of resident’s income distribution raised sharply the issues such as whether the transition costs and expenses should be shared and the reform benefits distributed among social members. Such issues will influence people’s impression and appraisal of social fairness directly and bring the negative effect on the social stability. Much attention should be paid about it. The paper thus will take China’s residents’ income distribution as a focus, investigating the status quo and reasons of China’s income distribution change during the transition period. The author argues that government’s behavior has exerted an important influence on the income gap enlargement and the government should bear the responsibility of maintaining social fairness. On this basis, the paper analyses the behavioral body that maintaining social fairness during transitional period, pointing out government’s leading role in maintaining social fairness. The government behaviors in maintaining social fairness have also been analyzed in terms of theoretical and practical viewpoint. Finally, some suggestions and countermeasures on how to improve such government’s behaviors have been put forward.Chapter one explains the basic concepts which will appear throughout the text, investigates the relationship of fairness and efficiency, reveals the meaning of social fairness towards economic transition.Chapter two uses the statistics to describe the state of income distribution in the transitional period at first, and then analyze the reason why the incomedistribution of our country has been widened and its influence to our socio-economic development. The author thinks that it is very complicated for the income gap to be widened. It is undeniable that system factors and government behavior have exerted an important influence among them. Thus it has produced a lot of harmful effects to the economic and social development of our country.Chapter three by way of analyzing the role of the market, government, and the third department in maintaining social fairness, puts forward the structure of behavioral body in maintaining social fairness based upon the current social and economic status quo. Government’s important role among such a structure will also be emphasized.Chapter four proves government’s theoretical foundation of maintaining social fairness from the two levels of government’s function as well as government’s target. It points out that the government should be equity-oriented at present. Its invention field has been summed up.Chapter five points out that our government has not merely adhered to the correct direction in maintaining social fairness but also has carried on beneficial exploration (though not mature to some extend) by way of analyzing the main idea and action of governmental intervention. In addition, this chapter has also carried on comparative analysis to the lessons brought forth by the improper government intervention in the course of economic transition of other countries. Its reference meaning towards our government has been revealed.Chapter six establishes a countermeasure frame for the government behavior improvement. This frame includes three respects that are connected with each other: Through the administrative system reform, improve the quality of the administrative subject, it helps to set up the fair modern government in order to maintain social fairness; Secondly, through making the relation between government and the third department in order again, the support dynamics to the third department will be strengthened, supplementary body of maintaining social fairness will be fostered and strengthened; Thirdly, through the innovative government’s public policy, such fields as resources assigning, reallocating and basic education, etc. will be strengthened so as to regulate the resident’s incomegap更多还原