【作者】 唐喜庆；

【导师】 沈晋明；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风与空调工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着海洋资源开发和航海事业的发展，海上突发事件随时都有可能发生，海上医院是重要的海上救治机构，目前国内尚缺乏对海上医院的系统研究，本文以海上医院医疗环境的控制为目标，对海上医院内、外部环境的一些特殊性及应对措施进行了较为深入的研究。本文的主要内容包括三部分： (1)海上医院内部环境控制 首先对海上医院低层高房间中的气流分布特点进行了分析，指出低层高舱室中气流扩散受限，房间上方污染区下移使得呼吸带空气污染浓度增大；并对关键医疗舱室的送风口选择和通风量计算给出建议，认为低层高舱室中通风量应取换气次数与每人平均通风量二者之间较大值。 其次，对海上医院关键科室之一的隔离病房内的污染控制进行了分析，认为隔离病房应遵循污染排除优先的理念，通风等工程措施对近距离感染的控制作用非常有限，无法替代积极的个人防护措施，提出隔离病房不宜进行近距离的医疗救护，应在专门的处置室中进行。 之后，对人活动引起的动态尾流对污染扩散的影响进行了分析，采用C语言对简化的人体行走进行了描述，利用Fluent软件的动网格模型实现了对动态绕流的模拟，为海上医院内人、物流密集情况下的污染控制和管理提供了理论依据，指出通常假设人体静态的模拟方法并不能反映室内真实的污染分布，对室内气流分布的CFD模拟应逐步从稳态向非稳态过渡。 (2)海上医院外部扰动对医疗环境的影响 对海上风向不定、温度多变，振动较多情况下医院内部环境变化进行了分析，提出海上风向随机情况下根据回流区出现的时空概率大小布置海上医院外部通风口的方法，并给出了减少烟气对甲板污染的烟囱相对风速的最小速度比K及船上新风口和排风口的最小安全距离。 (3)对海上医院的污染控制与舱室环境安全管理措施给出了建议。 本文的研究可为我国海上医院的设计、建造和运行管理提供参考和借鉴，具有较强的理论意义与实际工程应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the progress of ocean resource development and navigation technologies, the unexpected events at sea may arise at any moment, hospital ship is an important cure unit and mobile force of medical services at sea.However the systematic study of hospital ship is lack now in China, this dissertation focus on the medical environment control of hospital ship, the particularity and control measures of inner and external environment have beenresearched.This dissertation composed of three parts:(1) Study on the particularity of inter environment in hospital ship.Firstly, analyzes the characteristic of air distribution in low ceiling height space, points out the low ceiling height will lead to a high concentration of air pollution in human breath zone, the air distributor commonly used in ship is not suitable for medical cabinet due to the Coanda effect, then bring forward the select methods of air outlets and room ventilation volume.Secondly, points out the control measures for air pollution in isolation ward should be exhaust prior to dilution, the role of ventilation in preventing infection between medical staff and patients in close quarters is finite and personal protective measures are needed in this situation, the medical procedures near to patients shouldn’t carried in isolation ward but in a special treatment room.Thirdly, study the impact of unsteady aerodynamic wake of person’s motion on contaminant transportation. describes the simplified human walking by C program ,realized the dynamic CFD simulation of contamination distribution around person by the dynamic mesh model of Fluent software, provides the theoretical basis for hospital ship management, points out that most previous studies regarded the moving person or equipment as stationary object, which resulted in the contaminants distribution in hospital being rather different from the realistic situation,so the CFD simulation of contaminant distribution in key medical rooms should be switched from static method to dynamic method.更多还原