【作者】 高永胜；

【导师】 王浩；

【作者基本信息】 中国水利水电科学研究院 ， 水文学及水资源， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 过去的几十年，人类对河流的不合理开发利用，导致河流退化，服务功能衰退。如何维持河流健康生命，实现人与河流和谐发展，是我国新时期提出的新的治河思路，对其理论和实践的研究已受到了国家和相关部门的高度重视。本文在总结分析前人研究成果基础上，对河流健康生命内涵、河流健康生命评价和河流健康生命修复进行了理论研究和实践应用，论文主要内容和取得的成果如下： (1) 从不同角度描述了河流生态系统的自然特征和社会特征，从河流动力角度、河流生态角度、社会经济发展角度、环境保护角度和河床演变角度对河流健康生命进行了论述。在此基础上，提出健康河流既要在一定程度上满足人类社会经济发展的需求，也要考虑河流生命得以维持和延续的需要，其内涵应包括河流本身、社会经济和流域生态三方面内容。在前人研究基础上，选用水质理化参数、河流生物、河流形态结构、河流水文特征、河岸带状况以及河流社会功能和经济功能等因子表征河流健康状况。 (2) 根据我国国情和河流特点，提出河流健康生命评价指标选择的原则，针对中国河流健康现状，分层次分类别选择了反映河流结构、河流社会经济功能和河流生态功能的18个具体指标，给出了每个指标的评估方法和5级标准特征值。考虑河流健康的模糊性，采用二元对比专家分析法确定指标权重和多目标模糊评价模型给予评价。以东江为例，对东江健康各指标因子进行了分析，确定了相应的标准特征值和指标权重，采用多目标模糊评价模型对东江健康状况进行了分层次分类别的评价。 (3) 分析了河流退化度与可恢复度的关系及不同退化程度河流的恢复措施。在国外河流尺度划分基础上，提出我国河流恢复尺度内涵，建立了不同时间和空间尺度河流修复内容的综合性框架。分析了我国河流修复的主要任务，提出了我国河流形态多样性创建和水文条件改善的的主要内容和目标。根据我国河流形态改变的原因和现状，构建了河流形态多样性修复的概念性框架；基于人类和河流生态的共同考虑，提出了我国河流水文条件改善的特征流量，分析了不同特征流量对维护河流健康的重要意义及研究概况。 (4) 针对我国传统河流改造中的问题，建立了河流形态多样性修复的理论基础，提出河流形态修复应遵循的基本原则。在此基础上，构建了河流形态多样性修复的概念性模型。以孝顺溪为例，分析了其胁迫因子，在满足河流安全行洪的基础上，创建了多样性的河流形态。选用MIKE软件对修复效果进行一维和二维模拟。模拟效果表明，河流更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past decades, the river has been degraded and it’s fuction has been declined because of human beings’ unreasonable utilization, therefore, maintaining river’s healthy life and realizing human-water harmony is our goal of river management in the new era. The study on the theory and practice has been highly valued by the state and relevant departments. Based on former research results, this thesis carried out theory study and practical application on river healthy life in terms of meaning, assessment and restoration. Main contents and achievements are as follows:(1) It described the natural and social characters of river ecosystem from different point of views, and discussed river healthy life from river power, river ecology, social economic development, environment protection and riverbed evolution. Based on these, it put forward that healthy river should meet the human need as well as taking into consideration the need of maintaining the river’s own health. The meaning of river healthy life should include river’s own life, social economy and watershed ecology. Based on existing achievements, it indicated river healthy status in terms of water quality, aquatic life, physical form, hydrology, streamside zone, social function and economy function.(2) Based on our nation’s conditions and river characters, it proposed the principle when selecting river health index. According to the current river health status in China, it constructed eighteen specific indices that reflected river structure, river social economic function and river ecology function in different layers and classes, and put forward the assessment method for each index and five grades of standard character values. Thinking of the fuzziness of river health, it fixed index weight through layered binary compared expert analysis method, and evaluated river health by multi-objective fuzzy model. Taking Dongjiang as an example, it analyzed each index concerning Dongjiang’s health and fixed related standard feature value and index weight, and analyzed the river health status from different layers and classes by using multi-objective Fuzzy Evaluation Model.(3) It analyzed the relationship between river degradation degree and restoration degree, and the restoration measure toward river with different degradation. On summarizing overseas researches, it put forward the meaning of river restoration dimension in our country, and constructed the general framework of restoration contents of different time and spatial dimension. After analyzing the main task of river restoration in China, it put forward the main contents and objective of establishing the diversity of river morphology and improving the hydro condition. According to the causes and status of river changes in China, it constructed the concept framework of river morphology restoration. Given consideration to human beings and river ecology, it put forward the character discharges of improving river hydrology and更多还原