【作者】 姚准；

【导师】 杜顺宝；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 在“保护地域文化,体现城市特色”的大背景之下,文化问题受到城市领域的普遍关注。与之并不相称的是,城市规划专业的文化理论却极为匮乏、成果更是凤毛麟角。这或许是因为“文化”作为城市五大类基本构成要素(自然环境、人口因素、经济因素、政治因素、文化因素)之“末”的地位所决定的。理论上的欠缺不仅导致对于空间-文化问题理解上的偏差,亦导致对于城市特色-地域文化问题决策上的失误。本文侧重于理论研究。试图由相关学科(城市社会学和文化人类学)引进文化理论体系,在先驱们成果的基础上构建空间-文化的理论关联,并形成文化—解释—空间的理论框架。据此直面文化—空间研究的三个要点:文化是否影响空间?文化如何影响空间?文化—空间的互动机制?核心问题在于“文化如何影响空间”。追问文化对于空间的影响,亦即对人文景观演变进行文化解释。通过本文的研究、解释,希望不但能够澄清一些关于文化—空间“历来为繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着”的认识,而且能够拓展行为-环境理论和文化-空间理论内在统一的宏大语境,更期能够揭示出文化变迁洪流下空间演变和文化干预之间的某些互动规律。论文主体分为以下几个部分:绪论部分提出了文化—空间研究的三个要点问题。第一章是文化—空间理论框架的建构。点明本文相对完整的认识论框架:元素分析—结构分析—深层结构分析。本章也可以视作对于“文化是否影响空间”的回答和理论深化。接下来的四章都将探讨“文化如何影响空间”的问题。第二章是文化的要素对景观空间的影响。宗教和技术这两个文化要素,在空间研究中极为特殊。将宗教视为文化的强化和特殊形态,讨论了原始宗教、传统宗教、现代宗教和空间雏形、历史城镇、当代城镇之间的关系;而对于文化回应技术的讨论,则由前工业时代、工业时代、后工业时代的技术—空间观切入。第三章是文化的功能运作对景观空间的影响。由文化的功能主义理论,引出文化的物质—精神两分,再对应于空间的容器—磁体两分进行分析。研究认为生活方式是景观空间演变的物质基础,价值观念是景观空间演变的精神动力。最后由同一社会中存在不同的生活方式或者文化价值观念,导出文化存在社会分层。第四章是文化的社会分层对景观空间的影响。由文化的结构理论,述及大—小传统和城—乡差异,乃至文化的精英—大众两分,再对应于空间的自上而下—自下而上两分进行论述。在分别深化了精英文化—自上而下的空间影响和大众文化—自下而上的空间影响之后,认为存在某种文化—空间内在的生成结构(深层结构)。第五章是文化变迁对景观空间的影响。以文化变迁理论和文化解释理论为基石,阐述了空间演变和文化变迁的关系。将空间—符号系统、空间—意义系统、空间—解释系统结合后现代主义、场所精神、批判的地域主义在理论上充分展开,揭示了文化-空间的本质在于符号的意义、意义的解释,核心是解释。由文化—空间互动系统的理论进入实践,强调了以“批判的地域主义”和“文化认同”为主要内容的反思性实践在当代文化—空间领域的重要作用。结语部分对“文化—空间互动机制”的初探和浅述,及对城市人文生态作了一些展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cultural problem is concerned by investigative urban field generally under the background of protecting regional cultures and materializing urban characteristics. Disproportionally, the theories about culture were deficient in the field of urban planning. This perhaps was settled by the end position of culture as one of five essential factors (natural environment, population factor, economic factor, political factor and cultural factor) in city. Short of correlative theory caused not only misunderstanding on problem of space and culture, but also wrong decision-making on problem of urban characteristic and regional culture.This paper emphasized particularly on theoretical study. It attempted to introduce the cultural system through interrelated subject (such as urban sociology and cultural anthropology), to constitute the theoretical relation between space and culture, to form the cultural interpretation frame. It aimed at the 3 main pointses of culture and space research directly. Did culture affect space? How did culture affect space? What was the interactive mechanism between space and culture? Key problem lied in " How did culture affect space ". Examining minutely about the influence of culture on space was just taking a cultural interpretation about the evolutive human landscape.Through study and interpretation, this paper was identified as being useful to clarify some cognition about culture and space, to extend the area of theoretical investigation such as behavior and environment, with more expectation, to reveal some interactive disciplinarian between spacial evolvement and cultural intervention under the torrent of transitional era. The principal part of this paper could be divided into some following sections:The introduction part brought forward the 3 main problems about culture and space study.The first chapter constructed the theoretical frame of cultural interpretation.The second chapter discussed the essential factors of culture affected landscape and space.The 3th chapter discussed the functional culture affected landscape and space.The 4th chapter discussed the layered societal culture affected landscape and space.The 5th chapter discussed the evolutive culture affected landscape and space.The epilogue part made some prospects about the interactive mechanism of human ecology.更多还原