【作者】 柳兆涛；

【导师】 伍小平； 张青川；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 固体力学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 纳米技术和纳米材料研究在不断深入。由于纳米材料独特的结构和性能，在仿生材料制备领域中，微纳米仿生材料研究已经成为人们关注的前沿课题。制备孔径纳米级的有序多孔薄膜，一直是研究的热点问题。尤其是这种孔径可控且有序规则的微纳米多孔薄膜，因为其可能用于新型人工肾而倍受重视。微纳米线阵列材料的出现，使得仿壁虎爪等仿生物结构功能的研究热了起来。 本文以人工肾的新型设计为背景，用电化学法制备了阳极氧化铝纳米孔多孔薄膜，并进行了结构表征。设计了纳米多孔结构材料的力学性能测试方案，深入地实验研究了阳极氧化铝多孔膜的力学性能。同时，初步将纳米多孔膜，应用在纳米线阵列这种仿壁虎脚部结构功能的干粘结的制备上。探索了纳米线阵列的范德瓦尔斯力测试方法，测试了碳纳米管线阵列和氧化锌纳米线阵列的范德瓦尔斯附着力及其与预压力的关系。本文主要工作如下： 1)通过电化学两步阳极氧化法制备了氧化铝多孔薄膜材料，对薄膜的结构特征进行了分析和表征。在制备工艺的改进使得纳米有序结构更有序和可控，运用图像处理方法表征了空隙率。纳米孔径大小均匀，膜胞基本上呈中心正六边形排列规则，孔洞沿厚度方向相互平行，且垂直样品的表面。可以根据应用背景的不同，确定适当的试样制备工艺条件，制备不同厚度、不同孔径大小的纳米多孔模板。 2)纳米多孔薄膜的力学性能对其应用有重要意义，由于具有几何上是毫米-微米-纳米的大跨尺度的结构特点，理论分析和数值模拟都非常困难。本文用实验方法研究了其力学性能。首先，设计了一套微纳米薄膜的鼓膜测试装置，利用光学测试的时间序列散斑干涉法，测试多孔薄膜的鼓膜变形。基于鼓膜变形测试的结果，依据经典的板壳理论的力学模型，获得了多孔介质材料的等效弹性模量和破坏强度。同时，在拉伸机上用双光束散斑干涉法测量了薄膜材料的拉仲性能，得到了拉伸等效宏观弹性模量及拉伸强度。比较两种测试结果发现，多孔薄膜的宏观等效弹性模量约为65GPa，拉伸强度和鼓膜强度约为100MPa。这就在一定意义上验证了测试方法和测试结果的可靠性和正确性。另一方面，还基于多普勒效应的测振技术，测试了多孔膜的动态性能，得到圆形薄膜试样的前三阶振动模更多还原

【Abstract】 The fabrication and characterization of nano-materials are critical in the development of the nano science technology (NST). Arranged nano-wire arrays and anodic alumina nano porous films have raised lots of attentions because of their broad applications in nano-material fabrication. Furthermore, the progresses in these areas have boomed investigation interest in bionics. Gecko claw is a typical example that takes more care of people recently.This thesis contains two parts: (a) the fabrication and characterization of anodic alumina nano porous films for an innovative design of artificial kidney. Their mechanical properties are investigated in detail using a specifically designed experimental setup; (b) Study of artificial gecko foot, including the fabrication of dry adhesives using anodic alumina porous films, and the measurement of the dry adhesion generated by carbon nano-tube array and zinc oxide nano-line array. The major works of this thesis are listed below:1) Anodic alumina porous films, which fabricated by electrochemistry anodic aluminum oxide methods have wide applications in nano-material and nano-apparatus because of their fine structure. Anodic alumina porous films are fabricated in acid electrolyte by two-step electrochemical oxidating high pure aluminum sheet. It contains array of hexagonal pores perpendicular to the surface. The films thickness and the porous diameter can be pre-designed by modification of fabrication process. The diameter of the pores is in the range of 5 ~ 300 nanometers.2) The mechanical properties of nano porous films are critical for its applications. However, the report of their mechanical properties is quite limited. The reason lies in the large aspect ratios of their geometries that make both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation difficult. This article utilizes the experimental methods to study the static and dynamic mechanical properties of nano porous films. A budge testing setup is developed, and the temporal sequence speckle interferometry is used to measure the deformation of the films. The experimental results lead to the effective更多还原