【作者】 殷海涛；

【导师】 黄丁发； 熊永良；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 对流层延迟是目前影响GPS定位精度进一步提高的主要误差源，为了满足当前大地测量、地球科学、空间物理和气象学等领域的科学研究和工程应用中的若干GPS科研项目的需要，本文针对GPS信号中对流层延迟的高精度改正模型和区域对流层的实时拟合方法进行了系统的研究，主要涉及对流层相关知识基础研究、对流层延迟解算的理论与方法研究以及对流层模型的气象学应用研究等几部分内容，作者力图对大气对流层延迟对GPS定位的影响给予较全面、较深入的研究，为今后更进一步的研究工作打下基础。 本文主要包括了三部分的内容： 一、研究背景的一般性描述及相关基础研究的系统介绍和总结，为系统全面的研究工作奠定了基础，主要涉及以下内容：大气对流层研究意义、地球大气，特别是中性大气(对流层)的基本性质及其对电磁波传播的影响研究、气象参数对对流层的影响研究等。 二、对流层建模的理论与方法及相关内容的研究，此部分为本文的主体，内容主要包括： 1．根据对流层中大气折射随高程变化的特性提出了分层大气折射率模型，进而积分得到对流层天顶延迟模型，并对新模型与经典的Hopfield模型和Saastamoinen模型进行比较，结果表明：当利用当地的气象数据时，三种模型的精度差值小于1cm，而利用标准气象数据时，随测站高程的增加，新模型的精度逐渐高于其他两种模型。 2．根据几何方法，利用割线定律求得新的映射函数模型，此模型形式简洁，且不含任何气象参数，其精度与目前精度最高的NMF模型相当，而计算时间只是NMF模型的1／4，适用于GPS动态定位及导航。 3．介绍了网络RTK的有关知识，分析了基准站的3D坐标与其对流层延更多还原

【Abstract】 Tropospheric delay is one of the main errors of GPS surveying and navigation. High accuracy regional tropospheric delay modeling and fitting are studied in the dissertation to meet the needs of research on geodesy, earth science and meteorology. The basic characters of troposphere, theory and method of tropospheric delay resolving, as well as GPS meteorological applications etc. are included. Some comprehensive and intensive research works on tropospheric delay in GPS positioning applications are conducted to provide a helpful groundwork for future research.There are mainly three parts in the dissertation:Firstly the background is introduced, including the significance of troposphere delay research, the propagation influence of electromagnetic wave in the troposphere and the basic method of tropospheric delay estimation.Secondly the dissertation focuses on the method and theory of tropospheric delay modeling in GPS positioning, which are presented as the following:1. Proposed a layered atmospheric refraction model based on the character of atmospheric refraction varated with altitude. Then a new the tropospheric delay model with integral formula is obtained. Some tests are held to make the comparison of the new model with the traditional ones, e.g. Saastamoinen and Hopfield. The results showed that the accuracy of proposed tropospheric delay model is the comparable with or better than the two traditional models.2. Developed a new mapping function, namely HT mapping function using geometric method,. It is independent of any meteorological data, the accuracy of the new mapping function is comparable with NMF (Niell Mapping Function) model, but the computing velocity of HT is about four times faster than NMF.3. A regional tropospheric delay model is developed by analyzing the relationship between three-dimensional coordinates and tropospheric delay of the reference stations. Tropospheric delay can be estimated in real time with the accuracy of 1 centimeter using this model.4. Some useful methods are developed to eliminate the effects of tropospheric gradient by analyzing the changes of atmosphere.5. IGS ultra rapid products can meet the needs of tropospheric delay real time monitoring applications by the proposed method.Finally GPS meteorological applications are discussed. Both GPS positioning and GPS meteorology are benefited from troposphere delay modeling. Atmospheric mean temperature model is established using the data of several更多还原