【作者】 赵勃；

【导师】 罗菊春；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 为了配合北京市自然保护区体系规划建设、自然风景区内自然保护小区的规划建设和生物多样性保护规划与行动计划的制定等工作,在国家自然科学基金委项目“北京主要自然保护区森林植物濒危程度研究”(编号30170787)和北京市科委项目的资助下,我们对北京山区的植物多样性开展了全面的调查研究工作。主要调查了雾灵山、云蒙山、喇叭沟门、松山、云峰山、慕田峪、百花山、东灵山、十渡、蒲洼、潭戒寺、妙峰山、石花洞等13个自然保护区和风景区。通过野外植物调查和内业数据统计分析,得出如下研究结果:一、北京山区维管束植物区系组成(1)经分类鉴定,确认在北京山区共记录维管束植物1282种(含变种、变型、不包括农作物),隶属于127科、537属(恩格勒系统);野生植物有1166种(含变种),隶属于122科、503属,其中蕨类植物62种,裸子植物7种,双子叶植物863种,单子叶植物234种。调查发现有5种、2变种为北京新记录;发现8种植物的野生种群或新分布点。北京有4种特有种,为百花山葡萄、北京水毛茛、羽叶铁线莲和槭叶铁线莲。(2)在北京山区野生维管束植物中,含50种以上的科有4个,为菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科、豆科,不足本区植物科的4%,但所含种数却达29.5%;含2-5种的科多达44个;只含有1个种的科有33个,如麻黄科、商陆科等,二者科的比例高达63.12%,而种数只占14.95%。本区分布有7个单种科或单属科。(3)本次调查的前10名的属与资料中北京市情况大概相同,原北京市排名第9、10位的铁线莲属和黄耆属现仅排列第11、16位,而换之为葱属、沙参属排名第5、10位。其余属排名顺序有微小差异。这几个属的变化反映了近几十年来,随着人类活动的深入影响,北京山区的植被变化情况,一些科、属的植物种随着人为干扰和破坏使得其科、属内的物种数减少,如铁线莲属和黄耆属;而对另外一些科属破坏较轻,物种数变化较小,如苔草属、委陵菜属。本区分布有单种属30个。寡种属共46个,通过对单种属和寡种属的分析可知,本区的单种属和寡种属占有全国15个分布类型的13个,说明本区地理成分复杂,种类丰富多样。(4)在北京山区的26属蕨类植物中,温带成分10属,占38%。表明本区的温带性质。北京山区种子植物属占有全国全部15个分布区类型,这反映了该区植物类型的丰富多样,地理成分复杂。种子植物总属数为477属,温带成分的属多达264个,在本区占有绝对优势,表明本区的温带性质。中国特有分布仅11属,占总属数的2.31%。说明本区特有程度低。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis focus on the research of floristic biodiversity from mountain area of Beijing, China, supported by the project Natural Scientific Foundation (Code 30170787), which is titled“Study on degree of forestry plants being in severe danger in main natural reserves in Beijing”. And the same time, this research is closely related with other important biodiversity programs: e.g. Establishment of Beijing natural reserve system, mini-nature-reserve in natural beauty spot, working on plan and layout of biodiversity conservation. Thirteen natural reserves and beauty spots, Wuling Mountain Nature Reserve, Yunmeng Mountain Nature Reserve, Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Song Mountain Nature Reserve, Yunfeng Mountain Nature Reserve, Mutianyu Beauty Spot, Baihua Mountain Nature Reserve, Dongling Beauty Spot, Shidu Beauty Spot, Puwa Mountain Nature Reserve, Tanzhesi Beauty Spot, Miaofeng Beauty Spot, Shihua Cave Beauty Spot, has been included in this research.Based on the field investigation and data analysis, the main conclusions as following:1.the flora of the plants in Beijing mountains(1) There are 1282 species, belonging to 127 families and 537 genera (according to Engler’s taxonomic system), has been recorded. There 1166 species are indigenous, belonging to 122 families and 503 genera, including Ferns, 62 species; Gymnosperm, 7 species; Dicotyledon, 862 species; Monocotyledon 234 species.New distribution record indicated from 5 species and 2 variations. New wild population record confirmed from 8 species, which has been considered as cultivated state. 4 species endemic to Beijing.(2) There are 4 families include more than 50 species, they are Compositae, Gramineae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, less than 4% of total family number of Beijing, however, included species number amount to 29.5%. There are 44 families include 2-5 species, 33 families include 1 species, such as Ephedraceae, Phytolaccaceae. The family number amount to 63.12% of total family number in above two categories, but the included species number only accounts for 14.95% of total species number. It indicates that a few species has survived from Ice Age, for example, only Xanthoceras sorbifolia and Koelreuteria paniculta is survived in Sapindaceae, only Ailanthus altissima and Picrasma quassioides is bequeathed in Simaroubaceae. There are some families reached its distribution margin, maybe the explanation for only including a few species in Beijing, such as Menispermum dauricum and M. dauricum f. pilosum in Menispermaceae. Moreover, there are 7 families belonging to single species family or single genus family.(3) Based on the order data from first ten genera recorded between previous investigation and this research, there are some differences to some extent. For example, the order of ninth and tenth for genus Clematis and Astragalus recorded in更多还原