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种群生态系统的时滞和脉冲效应研究

The Study of Effects of Delay and Impulse on Population Dynamical Systems

【作者】 刘志军

【导师】 陈兰荪; 孙丽华;

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 , 计算数学, 2006, 博士

【摘要】 本文利用连续动力系统、离散动力系统、脉冲动力系统和算子理论的相关知识,并借助数值分析方法研究了几类种群生态系统的动力学行为,包括周期解的存在性与全局渐近稳定性、永久持续生存性、绝灭性和动力学行为的复杂性,并讨论了时滞和脉冲对上述动力学行为的影响。全文共分四章: 第一章对种群动力学模型的发展历史作了简单的回顾,并概述了本文涉及的某些领域的研究现状和本文的主要工作。 第二章我们基于两个典型的时滞单种群周期微分系统的—般形式,分别在2.1节、2.2节和2.3节建立了具有多个时滞的两种群周期竞争系统,捕食系统和互惠系统。我们利用Mawhin连续性定理和Liapunov函数分别得到了上述三个系统正周期解存在且全局渐近稳定的充分条件。我们的这些结果显示出这三个时滞周期系统正周期解存在且全局渐近稳定的充分条件在形式上几乎能够很好的与相应的无时滞自治系统正平衡态存在且全局渐近稳定的充分条件相对应,这些结果也显示了时滞对系统正周期解的存在性和全局渐近稳定性是有影响的,它们推广并改进了一些已有的相关结果。此外,我们还对主要结论进行了应用举例并给出了生物意义解释。 第三章我们基于周期环境和种群多代对种群数量的影响,分别在3.1节和3.2节考虑了一个浮游生物植化相克时滞差分系统和一个种群互惠时滞差分系统。我们通过利用一个Logistic单种群周期差分系统的性质,建立了第一个系统永久持续生存的充分条件。我们还利用Mawhin连续性定理分别建立了两个系统正周期解存在的充分条件。此外,我们还对主要结论进行了应用举例并给出了生物意义解释。 第四章我们针对两个不同类型的无受迫系统,考虑了各自的脉冲扰动作用。在4.1节建立了一个具有时滞和脉冲效应的周期竞争系统。通过利用一个单种群脉冲周期系统的某些性质和脉冲微分方程比较定理得到了竞争系统无时滞作用下的永久持续生存的充分条件。我们还利用Mawhin连续性定理和某些分析技巧获得了该系统正周期解存在的充分条件。此外,我们还对主要结论进行了应用举例并给出了生物意义解释。在4.2节我们基于一个具有Monod-Haldane功能性反应的捕食系统,考虑在不同固定时刻的脉冲收获和投放策略,建立了一个相应的脉冲系统。一方面我们利用脉冲微分方程的Floquet理论和比较定理,分别给出了食饵种群绝灭周期解的局部渐近稳定和系统永久持续生存的条件。另一方面,由于相应的无受迫连续系统可能具有内在的周期振荡,我们研究了脉冲投放和脉冲收获这两种外在的不连续受迫作用对无受迫连续系统的动力学行为的影响。数值分析表明脉冲扰动带来了许多复杂的现象,包括周期

【Abstract】 In this thesis, some theories and approaches related to continuous dynamics, discrete dynamics, impulsive dynamics, operator theory and numerical simulations are used to investigate dynamical behaviors including the existence and globally asymptotic stability of periodic solutions, permanence, extinction, and all kinds of complexities, and meanwhile the possible effects of delay and impulse on the dynamical behaviors are discussed. The whole thesis is devided into four chapters.The first chapter introduces concisely the historical situation and the present development of relevant subjects about population dynamics as well as the main work done in this thesis.In the second chapter, based on a general form of two types of well known periodic delayed single-species population growth models, we establish multiple delays competitive system, predator-prey system and facultative mutualism in 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3, respectively. By using Mawhin’s continuous theorem and liapunov function, sufficient conditions for the existence and globally asymptotic stability of positive periodic solutions of three systems are derived, respectively. These results show that sufficient conditions for the existence and globally asymptotic stability of positive periodic solutions of non-autonomous periodic delayed systems formally correspond to that of positive equilibrium of autonomous undelayed systems, respectively. Moreover, these new results extend and improve some known results, and show that the periodic delays have the effects on the existence and globally asymptotic stability of positive periodic solutions. Biological interpretations and examples on the main results are also given.In the third chapter, according to the possible effect of periodic fluctuating environment and more than one past generation on the density-dependent population, we consider a discrete non-autonomous system of plankton allelopathy with delays and a discrete non-autonomous facultative mutualism system in 3.1 and 3.2, respectively. With the help of the properties of a Logistic single-species difference system, we obtain sufficient conditions for the permanence of the former system. By using Mawhin’s

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