【作者】 孙稚颖；

【导师】 李法曾；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 十字花科是一个拥有模式植物且具有重要经济价值的大科,约有338属,3709种(Al-Shehbaz,2006),我国约有102属,412种(Zhou Tai-yien, et al.,2001)。因具有十字形花冠,四强雄蕊,角果,辛辣气味(体内含芥酸)等独特特征,十字花科长期以来一直是大家公认的自然类群。但是,对于其科下分类系统问题,许多学者做过大量工作,迄今难以达成共识,这主要体现在族的划分、属的界定和种的分类位置等方面。本文立题来自于山东省自然科学基金重大课题:两种模式植物-拟南芥和盐芥及其与相邻属种亲缘关系和系统学位置的探讨(Z-2002 D04),并在此基础上,作了进一步扩展,对中国十字花科植物尽可能多的一些问题属种进行了比较全面综合的系统学研究,具体工作包括:查阅了中科院北京植物所、江苏植物所、新疆农大、沈阳生态所等标本馆所存十字花科植物标本,并在新疆、吉林、山东等地采集了100多种十字花科植物,压制了腊叶标本,采用了形态学、微形态学及分子系统学等多学科多指标的手段和方法,集中探讨了十字花科植物族、属间及属下种间所存在的一些分歧,并评价了各指标的分类学意义。主要研究结果如下:1、微形态研究结果进一步确证了十字花科为一自然类群:叶表皮、果皮均具有不等细胞型气孔器类型;花粉外壁纹饰均为网状;种皮基本纹饰也均为网纹型。2、对十字花科一些族、属、种的系统学处理提出了新的意见和见解:(1)各指标研究结果均认为,中国十字花科植物所在的大多数族,如:独行菜族、鸟头荠族、葶苈族、南芥族、紫罗兰族、香花芥族、大蒜芥族等(按照传统界定),均为多系类群。(2)确定了两种模式植物-拟南芥与盐芥的系统学位置和系统学关系,认为两者分别归于拟南芥属和盐芥属,其亲缘关系较远,拟南芥属靠近须弥芥属、荠属、亚麻荠属、旗杆芥属、无苞芥属、糖芥属以及垂果南芥等,而盐芥属靠近山嵛菜属和沟子荠属,对于它们的深入认识,为两种模式植物在进化领域研究物种抗逆适应与趋异分化提供了一个不可多得的比较模式系统,以及更多可供比较的物种,具有重要的应用价值。(3)线果芥属应从芸苔族中移出,从而使芸苔族为一单系类群,该属系统更多还原

【Abstract】 The Brassicaceae, which includes model species and has great economic value, is a large family of about 338 genera and 3709 species distributed worldwide (Al-Shehbaz, 2006). There are 102 genera and 412 species in China (Zhou Tai-yien, et al., 2001). Brassicaceae is always recognized a rather homogeneous group based on the characters of six stamens in a teradynamous pattern (two short and four long), cruciform corolla, distinct capsular fruit,and pungency. Although a lot of work has been doing about the classification of infrafamily, none of systems is agreed by almost researchers. The main problems lie on tribal classification, delimitation of genera and placement of some species.The basis of this paper comes from the great task of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province: The study on the genetic relationship and systematic placement of two model plants- Arabidopsis thaliana and Thellungiella salsuginea, as well as relative genera and species. Based on the task, we expand and carry out the comprehensive research on the problematic genera and species of Brassicaceae from China as many as possible. The concrete work include: First, we consult a lot of herbarium specimen from PE, NAS, IFP and XJA etc.; Second, we collect more than 100 species of Brassicaceae from Xinjiang, Jilin and Shandong; Third, we study the phylogeny of Brassicaceae from China to approach some divergence on the tribe, genera and species of Brassicaceae using many ways including morphology, micromorphology and molecular systematics, furthermore, estimate the significance of every index. The main results are as follows:1. The micromorphology results confirm that Brassicaceae is a natural group: The leaf epidermis and fruit epidermis have anisocytic stoma; The pollen morphology have reticulate ornamentation; The general ornamentation of the seed coat is reticulate.2. To present new ideas and opinions about the systematic problems of some tribes, genera and species of Brassicaceae, they are as follows:(1) The most of tribes of Brassicaceae from China including Lepidieae,更多还原