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立体效应促进的分子间C—H…O氢键

Steric Effects Promoted Intermolecular C—H…O Hydrogen Bonds in Solution

【作者】 向绍基

【导师】 吴隆民; 梁永民;

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 , 有机化学, 2006, 博士

【摘要】 用天然氨基酸为起始原料合成了IE(2-(1-imidazolyl)ethanol),IP(L-2(S)-(1-imidazolyl)propanol),IMP(L-2(S)-(1-imidazolyl)-3(S)-methylpentanol)和IPP(L-2(S)-(1-imidazolyl)-3-phenylpropanol),应用NMR技术和DFT(密度泛函理论)计算研究了MI(1-methyl imidazole),IE,IP,IMP和IPP的溶剂效应,获得了如下的结论: (1)通过1H NMR实验观察到了MI,IE,IP,IMP和IPP咪唑环上的Ha,Hb,Hc在D2O和CDCl31H化学位移及其变化值随咪唑环上N1-取代基不同呈现出规律性的变化。由于Hc离咪唑环上N1-取代基空间距离较远,其化学位移值在D2O和CDCl3两种溶剂中基本相同。但是,咪唑环上的Ha和Hb离N1-取代基空间距离较近,受到侧链立体效应的影响。在D2O中,Ha的化学位移随着N1-取代基体积增大而增加;而在CDCl3中,其结果是它的化学位移的数值随N1-取代基体积增大而减少。Hb也有类似的规律。Ha和Hb在两种溶剂中的1H化学位移的变化值(Δδ(D2O-CDCl3exp)随着咪唑环上的N1-取代基体积增大而增加。得出立体效应促进了分子间C—H…O氢键的形成。 (2)通过旋转底物分子中的C—C和C—N单键,应用半经验AM1方法进行平缓的势能扫描(PES)和使用DFT进行高精度的能量计算,获得了MI,IE,IP,IMP和IPP的全局最稳定构象。发现溶剂效应对IPP的构象影响显著,在D2O中最稳定的构象是IPPB1,而在CDCl3中最稳定的构象则是IPPB3。在确定IE,IP,IMP和IPP的稳定构象时,发现咪唑环上的N1原子与N1-取代基上的OH若形成了分子内O—H…N1氢键,则有稳定构象的作用,对于简化构象的搜索也有重要作用。 (3)应用DFT计算研究了立体效应促进的分子间C—H…O氢键。通过分析MI,MI·H2Ob,MI·CHCl3b,IE,IP,IMP和IPP等稳定构象的结构数据以及Δδ(SUB-MI)值,推断出立体效应源于底物上N1-取代基以及溶剂分子的大小和形状。对于IE,IP,IMP和IPP底物分子,它们咪唑环上的Ha和Hb与N1-取代基上氧原子之间的空间距离正好满足两个水分子通过氢键使得Ha,Hb和N1-取代基上氧原子发生氢键键合作用。

【Abstract】 In this thesis, IE (2-(1-imidazolyl) ethanol), IP (L-2(S)-(1-imidazolyl) propanol), IMP (L-2(S)-(1-imidazolyl)-3(S)-methylpentanol) and IPP (L-2(S)-(1-imidazolyl)-3-phenylpropanol) were prepared from glycine, L-alanine, L-isoleucine, L-phenylalanine, respectively. Solvent effects of MI (1-methyl imidazole), IE, IP, IMP, and IPP were investigated using NMR and density functional theory (DFT). The following issuess were approached:(1) 1H NMR spectra of protons on the imidazole ring of MI, IE, IP, IMP, and IPP were recorded in D2O and CDCl3, respectively. Their 1H chemical shifts (8) of Ha, Hb and Hc on the imidazole ring exhibit different spectral pattern. The distance between Hc and NI-substituent is great, and so it leads to 1H chemical shifts for Hc of all substrates in D2O and CDCl3 have almost the same values. However, Ha and Hb are near by the N1-substituent, Their 1H chemical shifts are affected by the steric effects of the N1-substituent. 1H chemical shifts of Ha in D2O increase with the increasing bulk of N1-substituent of MI, IE, IP and IMP. 1H chemical shifts of Ha in CDCl3 decrease with the increasing bulk of N1-substituent of MI, IE, IP, IMP and IPP. Meanwhile, the Hb has the similar behavor. The change in 1H chemical shifts of Ha and Hb (△δ(D2O -CDCl3)exp) for all substrates in D2O and CDCl3 increases with increasing the bulks of N1-substituent of MI, IE, IP, IMP, and IPP increasing. By analysing of three-dimensional structures of MI, IE, IP, IMP and IPP (size and form of solute and solvent), it will be concluded that the steric effects promote intermolecular C-H…O hydrogen bonds, which originate in interactions of hydrogen atoms C-H on the imidazole ring with the oxygen of water. For example, the changes in 1H chemical shift (△δ(D2O - CDCl3)exp) of IMP in D2O and CDCl3 are mainly produced by the 3-methyl-1-pentanol group (C2H5CH(CH3)-CH-CH2OH).(2) The global stable conformations of MI, IE, IP, BMP and IPP were obtained by rotating the C-C and / or C-N single bonds using semi-empirical method AM1 and

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 兰州大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2007年 02期
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