江西德兴地区重金属污染现状评价及时空对比研究

【作者】 陈翠华；

【导师】 倪师军；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地球化学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文以江西德兴铜多金属矿山及矿集区为研究区，开展区域土壤和水系沉积物的重金属污染现状评价及时空对比研究。在德兴地区4800km~2的范围内，系统采集土壤样品919个，水系沉积物样品330个。同时，采用X荧光光谱法、等离子原子发射光谱法等现代测试技术，分析了土壤和水系沉积物中重金属(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu、Pb)的含量。 针对919个土壤样品，分别从原始测试数据、指数法和污染程度法三个方面对其重金属污染进行现状评价。样品中As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu和Pb的含量变化范围分别为1.790～899mg／kg、0.034～4.980mg／kg、0.043～8.330mg／kg、10～666mg／kg、25～18500mg／kg、6～1825mg／kg和16～1312mg／kg；单因子污染指数变化范围分别为0.119～30.967、0.227～5.900、0.215～13.471、0.111～4.773、0.250～63.000、0.171～7.071和0.451～6.248；内梅罗综合污染指数变化范围为0.511～45.459；污染因子变化范围分别-0.881～58.933，-0.773～32.200，-0.785～40.650，-0.889～6.400，-0.750～184.00，-0.829～51.143，-0.543～36.486；综合的污染程度变化范围为-4.038～265.497。各评价方法的评价结果基本吻合，均一致显示：该区域土壤中存在不同程度的As、Hg、Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb的重金属污染，污染区域主要集中分布在德兴铜钼和铅锌矿区、乐安河下游乐平附近的煤矿区、西北部的煤矿区，乐平南部电化学厂附近地区土壤重金属污染尤其严重。 针对330个水系沉积物样品，分别从原始测试数据、地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法三个方面对其重金属污染进行现状评价。样品中重金属As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu和Pb的含量变化范围分别为3.070～1109mg／kg、0.015～5.430mg／kg、0.035～13.5mg／kg、7～236mg／kg、22～1770mg／kg，5～4390mg／kg和15～1685mg／kg；地质累积指数变化范围分别为：-2.667～5.83、-5.129～3.371、-3.1～5.492、-3.585～1.490、-3.483～2.847、-3.672～6.106和-1.787～5.025；潜在生态危害系数变化范围分别为2.362～853.077、2.000～621.000、5.250～2025.00、0.250～8.4290、0.134～10.793、0.588～516.471和2.174～244.203；潜在生态危害指数变化范围为27.597～3747.572。各评价方法的评价结果反映重金属污染的总体趋势基本一致，总体显示出：该区域水系沉积物中存在不同程度的As、Hg、Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb的重金属污染，存在不同程度的As、Hg、Cd、Cu和Pb重金属污染的潜在生态危害；污染区域以及强—很强的生态危害区主要集中在德兴铅锌和铜钼矿区德兴河与大坞河流域及其周边地区、乐安河下游沿岸地区及乐平附近和图幅西北部景更多还原

【Abstract】 The current assessment and spatial-temporal contrast of heavy metals contamination were performed in Dexing areas within the scope of 4800km~2 .919 soil samples and 330 sediment samples were collected and analyzed for As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb. Heavy metal levels were determined using inductively couple plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray fluorenscence spectrometry procedures, and so on.According to 919 soil samples’ data, the current assessment of heavy metals contamination in soils was performed using three methods, original testing data, pollution index and contamination degree, respectively. The contents of soil samples concentrated between 1.790～899 mg/kg for As, 0.034～4.980 mg/kg for Hg, 0.043~8.330mg/kg for Cd, 10～666 mg/kg for Cr, 25～18500 mg/kg for Zn, 6～1825 mg/kg for Cu, and 16～1312 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. The single-factor pollution index ranged from 0.119～30.967 for As, 0.227-5.900 for Hg, 0.215～13.471 for Cd, 0.111～4.773 for Cr, 0.250～63.000 for Zn, 0.171～7.071 for Cu, and 0.451～6.248 for Pb, respectively. The Nemerow pollution index ranged form 0.511～45.459. The contamination factor ranged from -0.881～58.933 for As, -0.773～32.200 for Hg, -0.785-40.650 for Cd, -0.889～6.400 for Cr, -0.750～184.00 for Zn, -0.829～51.143 for Cu, -0.543～36.486 for Pb, respectively. The contamination degree ranged from -4.038～265.497. The results of assessment indicated consistently that there were different extents of contamination of As, Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb, especially in the areas of the Dexing mines, coal mines along the lower courses Le’an river, coal mines in the northwest and the areas around battery factory.According to 330 sediment samples’ data, the current assessment of heavy metals contamination in sediments was performed using three methods, original testing data, geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index, respectively. The contents of sediments samples reported concentrations between 3.070～1109 mg/kg for As, 0.015～5.430 mg/kg for Hg, 0.035～13.5mg/kg for Cd, 7～236mg/kg for Cr, 22～1770 mg/kg for Zn, 5～4390mg/kg for Cu, and 15～1685 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. The geoaccumulation index ranged from -2.667～5.83 for As, -5.129～3.371 for Hg, -3.1～5.492 for Cd, -3.585～1.490 for Cr, -3.483～2.847 for Zn、 -3.672～6.106 for Cu and -1.787～5.025 for Pb, respectively. The potential ecological risk coefficient ranged更多还原